Reaction summary diagrams

The reaction summary diagram identifies only some of the substances involved in the various reaction pathways. Writing down an incomplete chemical equation for a reaction can often make it easier to identify other reactants and products that are involved. 

Summary diagram of the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in a eukaryotic cell. As depicted here, the process starts with the absorption of glucose at the plasma membrane and its conversion into glucose-6-phosphate. In the cytosol, this six-carbon compound is then broken down by a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions into two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate. After absorption by the mitochondrion, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and water by a sequence of reactions that requires molecular oxygen. 

Numbers in the first column refer to reactions in the summary diagram (p. 121). 

Numbers in first column indicate reaction in summary diagram (p. 188). 

Pathway 1. Summary diagram showing reactions involved in metabolism of the sphingolipids. The individual reactions are described in the text. No indication has been made of the specific fatty acids involved — in some cases they are long chain (24 ) and in some cases medium chain (18 ). 

Fig. 2. Summary diagram of experimental observations showing the distribution and nature of the secondary reaction products in the quartz column reacted with the young fluid.

EXAMPLE 21-1 Writing Chemical Equations from a Summary Diagram of Reaction Chemistry... 

Table 4.6 Summary of reaction and overall material efficiency performances for the production of triclosan according to the tree diagram shown in Figure 4.14. of 1 mole...

Figure 6. Summary of ranges in isotopic compositions for natural terrestrial samples as discussed in this volume. Isotopic variability in extraterrestrial samples is often greater. Isotopic compositions reported as 5 values in units of per mil (%o), based on isotopic ratios and reference standards as used in this volume (Table 1). Note that the range of isotopic compositions for Li is much greater than the scale used in the diagram, where 5 Li values vary from -21 to +54. In many cases, relatively large isotopic fractionations occur during redox reactions (see Chapter 3), and the common oxidation states in near-surface natural environments are listed on the left.

This criterion is a so-called sliding criterion, since it is established for time 0, but may be applied for any time (sliding). It also represents a summary of the stability diagrams presented in Section 5.2.3.2. The exponent 1.2 of B introduces a safety margin. This criterion uses a comprehensive knowledge of the reaction kinetics. 

In summary, this brief review of the synthesis of Group 2 /3-diketonate compounds shows how sensitive the outcome of the reaction is to the nature of the reaction conditions. As a result, it is often difficult to determine exactly which species have been used in CVD experiments when, for example, the species Ba(dpm)2 has been used and obtained from a commercial source. Indeed, the CVD literature is often misleading, with figures showing schematic diagrams of the molecular structure of monomeric Ba(dpm)2 as the source used for CVD experiments.215... 

The pH of a system determines the reactions that define the concentration of many dissolved chemical species in water containing salts and minerals, supplied by weathering reactions, rain, runoff, and lixiviating processes. The pH is a key parameter for biological growth and for the sustainment of life for the different aquatic flora and fauna species. As discussed in Chapter 2 the contribution of the different species will affect the final pH and vice versa (i.e., the pH on its own often determines the form of the species present). That is why the distribution diagrams of chemical species are frequently defined as functions of pH (Section 2.1.2). In summary, the main environmental processes that affect the pH and the alkalinity of natural waters include ... 

Suggested reaction schemes are given in block diagram form in Fig. 20. In summary, there is good evidence for believing that, under almost all conditions so far studied, the oxidation of HCHO proceeds via HCO and HO2 radicals. HCO3 radicals may also be present, even up to 600 °C in... 

Rgure 5.1.13 Energy diagram with summary of terms for a reaction... 

Research the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the manufacture of steel. Write a summary of your findings, including appropriate diagrams and equations representing the reactions. 

Summary. In summary, the transition states for the uncatalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions of the three classes of phosphate esters can be generally represented on the More-O Ferrall-Jencks diagram in Fig. 13. It has been noted that phosphoryl transfer reactions follow a trend for the phosphoryl group to bear a... 

The reactant may be considered as a polarised carbonyl bond, reflected in contributions of covalent and ionic resonance structures. As the reaction proceeds, the contribution of both of these is replaced by the structure at the right of the diagram. Because of the greater concentration of positive charge on carbon in the reactant, donor substituents stabilise reactants more than transition state. In summary, donor substituents deactivate carbonyls. Cieplak acknowledged that the reactivity effect of a donor might be different from its stereochemical effect. 

Figure 3.8 Summary of the mass-mole-number relationships in a chemical reaction. The amount of one substance in a reaotion is related to that of any other. Quantities are expressed in terms of grams, moles, or number of entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units). Start at any box in the diagram (known) and move to any other box (unknown) by using the information on the arrows as conversion factors. As an example, if you know the mass (in g) of A and want to know the number of molecules of B, the path involves three calculation steps ...

A Summary of the Light and Dark Reactions In Two-System Photosynthesis The Overall Reaction and Efficiency of Photosynthesis (Diagram)... 

Very little further progress in instrumentation was made until the 1950s. A brief summary of the classical DTA and DSC operating system, instrumentation, rules of data treatment, and the differences between DSC and DTA are given in Appendix 9. The first milestone was reached by 1952 when about 1,000 research reports on DTA had been published. At that time, DT A was mainly used to determine phase diagrams, transition temperatures, and chemical reactions. Qualitative analysis (fingerprinting) was developed for metals, oxides, salts, ceramics, glasses, minerals, soils, and foods. 

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