Reaction auto-oxidation-reduction

This is an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction, the chlorine with oxidation number +i in chlorine dioxide being reduced and oxidized simultaneously to oxidation numbers -f 3 and -f 5. Pure sodium chlorite, NaClOg, can bfe made by passing chlorine dioxide into a solution of sodium peroxide ... 

Stannous hydroxide, Sn(OH)2, is formed by adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution to stannous chloride. It is readily soluble in excess alkali, producing the stannite ion, Sn(OH)g . When a solution containing stannite ion is boiled an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, with deposition of metallic tin and production of the stannate ion, Sn(OH)g- ... 

The precipitation of mercurous chloride and its change in color from wnite to black on addition of ammonium hydroxide are used as the test for mercurous mercury in qualitative analysis. The effect of ammonium hydroxide is due to the formation of finely divided mercury (black) and mercuric aminochloride (white) by an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction ... 

Since two molecules of the aldehyde form one molecule of alcohol and one molecule of acid, it is evident that the reaction is one of auto-oxidation-reduction. One molecule is oxidized and another is reduced. 

What is an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction What are the oxidation numbers of the atoms of the reactant and products in the auto-oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrazine ... 

Additionally, sulfite may undergo simultaneous auto-oxidation and reduction reactions at higher pressures (see equation 2). 

The detailed mechanism for these Co AlPO-18- and Mn ALPO-18-cata-lyzed oxidations are unknown, but as previously pointed out vide supra) and by analogy to other metal-mediated oxidations a free-radical chain auto-oxidation (a type IIaRH reaction) is anticipated [63], This speculation is supported by several experimental observations that include (1) an induction period for product formation in the oxidation of n-hexane in CoAlPO-36, (2) the reduction of the induction period by the addition of free-radical initiators, (3) the ability to inhibit the reaction with addition of free-radical scavengers, and (4) the direct observation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide in the oxidation of cyclohexane [62],... 

Colupulone is hydroxylated to 4-hydroxycolupulone (267, Fig. 110) upon treatment with potassium hydrogen peroxysulfate ("Caroat") in aqueous alkaline buffers. Peracids, such as m.-chloroperbenzoic acid or peracetic acid, can also be applied. Compound 267 is stable at room temperature over a period of months, but it is readily isomerized in NaOH 0.01 N to 5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)isocohumulone (268, Fig. 110). Characterization is evident from the spectrometric data. Upon boiling of 268 for a short time in alkaline solution, 5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)cohumulinic acid or dihydrocohulupone (202, Fig. 85) is obtained. This compound is also accessible by reduction of cohulupone with sodium borohydride (see 13.1.1.2.1.) (22). None of the three oxidized products leads to cohulupone in auto-oxidation reaction conditions. This confirms the proposed mechanism of formation of cohulupone via 4-hydroperoxycolupulone (see 13.1.1.1.2.). 

The reactions that occur to auto-exhaust emissions when exposed to plasma include oxidation of HCs, carbon monoxide, and partially diesel PM also. Nitric oxide (NO) can be oxidized by plasma to N02. Plasma alone, due to its oxidizing character, is not a viable NO control method. However, combinations of plasma with catalysts, referred to as plasma-assisted catalysts or simply plasma catalysts , have been suggested for NO reduction. The plasma is believed to show potential to improve catalyst selectivity and removal efficiency. Current state-of-the-art plasma catalysts have efficiencies comparable to those of active DeNO systems, removing about 50% of NO at a fuel economy penalty of less than 5% [85],... 

Recently there has been an increasing interest in self-oscillatory phenomena and also in formation of spatio-temporal structure, accompanied by the rapid development of theory concerning dynamics of such systems under nonlinear, nonequilibrium conditions. The discovery of model chemical reactions to produce self-oscillations and spatio-temporal structures has accelerated the studies on nonlinear dynamics in chemistry. The Belousov-Zhabotinskii(B-Z) reaction is the most famous among such types of oscillatory chemical reactions, and has been studied most frequently during the past couple of decades [1,2]. The B-Z reaction has attracted much interest from scientists with various discipline, because in this reaction, the rhythmic change between oxidation and reduction states can be easily observed in a test tube. As the reproducibility of the amplitude, period and some other experimental measures is rather high under a found condition, the mechanism of the B-Z reaction has been almost fully understood until now. The most important step in the induction of oscillations is the existence of auto-catalytic process in the reaction network. 

CO2 hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation of unsaturated organics, methane reforming, hydrogenolysis of saturated hydrocarbons, and wet oxidation of pollutants in waste waters have been tested, the main reactions taking place in the auto-exhaust converters have received special attention. Such is the case of CO and hydrocarbon oxidations, NO reduction, steam reforming, and water-gas shift reaction. 

An important consideration for auto manufacturers today is fuel economy and pollution reduction. Fuel cells represent one option to achieve these goals. Like a battery, a fuel cell produces electricity from a redox reaction. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell can generate electric current indefinitely because it oxidizes a continuous stream of fuel from an outside source. 

Fendorf SE, Jardine PM, Taylor DL, Brooks SC, Rochette EA (1998) Auto-inhibition of oxide mineral reductive capacity toward Co(II)EDTA. ACS Symp Ser 715 (Mineral-Water Interfacial Reactions), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p 358-371... 

For example, it is not desirable to have a small anode connected to a large cathode as this favors accelerated localized anodic dissolution. Rivets of copper on a steel plate and steel rivets on a copper plate on immersion in seawater for a period of 15 months resulted in the steel plate covered with corrosion products while the steel rivets were corroded completely and disappeared. As copper is more noble than iron, it accelerated the hydrogen reduction reaction for the oxidation of the steel plate. In the case of the copper plate with steel rivets, the steel rivets corroded because of the relatively important cathodic surface of copper. The same reasoning applies to the corrosion of noncoated auto parts in contact with a large stainless steel surface (Fig. 1.6). 

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