Auto-oxidation-reduction

This is an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction, the chlorine with oxidation number +i in chlorine dioxide being reduced and oxidized simultaneously to oxidation numbers -f 3 and -f 5. Pure sodium chlorite, NaClOg, can bfe made by passing chlorine dioxide into a solution of sodium peroxide ... 

Phosphorous acid is an unstable substance. When heated it undergoes auto-oxidation-reduction to phosphine and phosphoric acid ... 

Stannous hydroxide, Sn(OH)2, is formed by adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution to stannous chloride. It is readily soluble in excess alkali, producing the stannite ion, Sn(OH)g . When a solution containing stannite ion is boiled an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, with deposition of metallic tin and production of the stannate ion, Sn(OH)g- ... 

The process of auto-oxidation-reduction is also used manganate ion... 

Cuprous ion, Cu, is so unstable in aqueous solution rlint it nncicT-goes auto-oxidation-reduction into lopper and cupric ion ... 

The precipitation of mercurous chloride and its change in color from wnite to black on addition of ammonium hydroxide are used as the test for mercurous mercury in qualitative analysis. The effect of ammonium hydroxide is due to the formation of finely divided mercury (black) and mercuric aminochloride (white) by an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction ... 

Since two molecules of the aldehyde form one molecule of alcohol and one molecule of acid, it is evident that the reaction is one of auto-oxidation-reduction. One molecule is oxidized and another is reduced. 

What is an auto-oxidation-reduction reaction What are the oxidation numbers of the atoms of the reactant and products in the auto-oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrazine ... 

The process of auto-oxidation-reduction is also used manganate ion is stable in alkaline solution, but not in neutral or acidic solution. The addition of any acid, even carbon dioxide (carbonic acid), to a manganate solution causes the production of permanganate ion and the precipitation of manganese dioxide ... 

Additionally, sulfite may undergo simultaneous auto-oxidation and reduction reactions at higher pressures (see equation 2). 

The detailed mechanism for these Co AlPO-18- and Mn ALPO-18-cata-lyzed oxidations are unknown, but as previously pointed out vide supra) and by analogy to other metal-mediated oxidations a free-radical chain auto-oxidation (a type IIaRH reaction) is anticipated [63], This speculation is supported by several experimental observations that include (1) an induction period for product formation in the oxidation of n-hexane in CoAlPO-36, (2) the reduction of the induction period by the addition of free-radical initiators, (3) the ability to inhibit the reaction with addition of free-radical scavengers, and (4) the direct observation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide in the oxidation of cyclohexane [62],... 

Although the spectra of oxidized bacterial and plant ferredoxins are different, Fig. 4 shows that, when reduced, their absorption spectra are remarkably similar. In both cases, the absorbancy peaks in the visible region disappear, while there is little change in ultraviolet absorption. In Fig. 4 the ferredoxins were reduced by hydrogen gas with a bacterial hydrogenase preparation. When air was admitted into the cuvettes, both ferredoxins were auto-oxidized and showed their original absorption spectra (Fig. 3). Ferredoxins, therefore, are like cytochrome c in that reduction and oxidation is a reversible process. However, unlike the cytochromes, the ferredoxins are colored in the oxidized state and colorless when reduced. 

Perphosphates of ammonium may be prepared in good yields by electrolysis, but auto-oxidation and -reduction may occur with the production of ammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate.1... 

Auto-oxidation of cysteine residues during cleavage of the disulfide bridge-containing proteins is a potential concern. This concern can be addressed by first reducing those proteins at alkaline pH ( 8.0) with either 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol (Equation (1)) and then alkylating with iodoacetic acid to S-carboxymethyl derivatives (Equation (2)) The reduction-alkylation process also disrupts the 3D structure of proteins to allow more sites accessible for cleavage. 

Two different sites of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were considered to contribute to the univalent reduction of dioxygen. An iron-sulfur protein of complex I was reported to undergo auto-oxidation independent of the height of the membrane potential [8,11,12]. The identity of the complex I constituent was concluded from the use of rotenone, which did not affect H2O2 generation from complex I substrates, in combination with selective inhibitors of iron centers. The second center suggested to be involved in mitochondrial ROS for-... 

The true metabolic role of HA per se (and not as mere precursor of other substances such as quinolinic acid and so on) is still awaiting a conclusive definition. However, HA toxicity seems to be related not to the compound itself, but rather to other substances, arising form its (auto)oxidation. As ever, one can speculate about the chemical nature of those species, therefore some evidence exists in favour of the profound involvement of reactive intermediates in dioxygen reduction, namely superoxide, peroxide and hydroxyl, whereas other indications suggest the participation of anthranilyl and/or HA quinoneimine in the toxicity mechanism. 

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