Raw material supphers

Quality Audit. Another important responsibiUty of quahty assurance is the audit function. Using the quahty audit as a tool, QA can monitor the operation of the manufacturing faciUty a toU, ie, contract, manufacturer or raw material suppHer to assure that written procedures are in place and that there is documentation to indicate the procedures are being followed. Properly executed audits allow QA to spot potential weakness in the quahty system that could allow errors to occur. Once identified, these weaknesses can then be corrected before they result in nonconformance. 

Step 1. Anyone needing to obtain either a new raw material or a new source of supply of a raw material (the Requestor) notifies the Senior Buyer that a new raw material or a new raw material suppher is required, and the reason for such request. 

The use of a virtually endless array of materials permits compounding from the raw material suppHers to the febricators imparting specific qualities to the basic raw materials (polymers) and expanding opportunities for plastics. Compounding relies on the polymerization chemistry to mechanical mixing to combine a base polymer with modifiers, additives, and other plastics to develop new plastics. Clearly, these many combinations are endless so that new materials are always on the horizon to meet new industry requirements. 

Team Learning. We have developed a risk assessment process fin our raw material supphers in order to identify risk-rated suppliers that are to be audited from a sustainability point of view ... 

Additional theories can also be appHed in these analyses (Omta et al, 2001). The supply chain is viewed as a system that integrates raw material supphers, factories, distribution services and consumers. Furthermore, the network concept refers to when organizations are directly involved in different processes that add value in the elaboration of goods and services up to the final consumer. 

Validating across categorical information about the objects. This enables the user to validate across the model and evaluate the robustness across season, raw material suppher, location, operator, etc. 

Raw ] Ia.teria.ls. Most of the raw materials are oxides (PbO, Ti02, Zr02) or carbonates (BaCO, SrCO, CaCO ). The levels of certain impurities and particle size are specified by the chemical suppHer. However, particle size and degree of aggregation are more difficult to specify. Because reactivity depends on particle size and the perfection of the crystals comprising the particles, the more detailed the specification, the more expensive the material. Thus raw materials are usually selected to meet appHcation-dependent requirements. 

Iron and steel products must meet increasingly strict quaHty standards, requiring the steel and foundry industries to have strict control over their raw materials. Iron and steel producers continually seek scrap of uniform consistent quaHty. Because most forms of obsolete scrap are heterogeneous, scrap consumers rely on scrap origin, reHabiHty of the scrap suppHer, and specifications tailored to their particular plants to assure acceptable quaHty. 

The principal objective of technical service in the chemical industry is to provide timely and professional information and support to downstream customers regarding chemical products and thek uses. It is neither cost-effective nor necessary for a consumer of chemical products to develop a staff of speciahsts having detailed expertise in all aspects of chemical raw materials and thek uses, particularly in a time of increa singly complex and rapidly technologically driven economies. Rather, this variety of expertise is provided in the chemical marketplace by technical service professionals whose knowledge and skills are made available by chemical products suppHers. As such, successful chemical companies provide technical service as a critical element of thek offerings to the marketplace making use of this aspect of the value chain to enhance thek competitiveness. 

Economic summaries of the cosmetic industry, commonly documented by sales volume, are sometimes based on unit sales, sometimes on manufacturers sales in monetary units, and sometimes on consumer spending. Figures normally include contributions by private labeling operations but do not necessarily reflect the value of the industry service sector, which includes suppHers of raw materials, beauticians, testing laboratories, and other speciaHsts. Moreover, product categories caimot be rigidly defined. For example, the differentiation between a deodorant (a cosmetic) and an antiperspirant (an OTC dmg) is often obscured by its trade name. 

On Aug. 1, a concern had 10,000 lb of raw material on hand which was purchased at a cost of 0,030 per pound. In order to build up the reserve, 8000 lb of additional raw material was purchased on Aug. 15 at a cost of 0,028 per pound, and 2 days later 6000 lb was purchased from another suppher at 0.031 per pound. If none of the raw material was used until after the last purchase determine the total cost of 12,000 lb of the raw material on an inventory or cost-of-sales account for the month of August by (a) the current-average method, (b) the fifo method, and (c) the lifo method. 

Suppose that a company has been using a certain suppher of raw materials in one of its chemical processes. A new suppher approaches the company and states that its material, at the same cost, will increase the process yield. If the new supplier has a good reputation, the company might be willing to run a limited test. On the basis of the test results it would then make a decision to change supphers or not. Good management would dictate that an improvement must be demonstrated... 

Beware of product rationalization within your or nization As products are eliminated from a product line, so are some raw materials. You need to be aware of any such plans from the marketing area so you don t end up making a lot of false promises and wasting your supphers time and resources as well as those of your organization. 

Step 2. The Senior Buyer is responsible for identifying a potential new supplier candidate. The Senior Buyer notifies the candidate supplier of the company s interest and negotiates a tentative supply price, in consultation with the affected business unit. The Senior Buyer apprises the candidate suppher of the need for a raw material approval evaluation. 

Step 3. The Senior Buyer requests the candidate suppher provide a commercially produced representative sample of the new raw material to the appropriate Technical Support Representative (TSR) in the production facfiity where the raw material will be used. 

Step 7. If the raw material fails to meet plant evaluation criteria, the Senior Buyer notifies the candidate suppHer. The Senior Buyer can decide to work with the candidate suppUer to understand whether the deficiencies can be corrected, or to seek out another candidate supplier. 

Step 9. If the candidate raw material is approved and the supplier is a new suppher, the EHS Manager is responsible for notifying the Responsible Care Supplier Audit Team of the need for a new supplier audit as required in PP.20.4. (PP.20.4 should include the protocol for the conduct of a new supplier audit. The audit involves a review of the supplier s operations for operational capability, compliance with legal requirements, and Responsible Care Codes. The audit report may decline use of the supplier, accept the supplier, or accept the Supplier subject to designated corrective actions.)... 

Step 11. Upon receipt of all the approvals noted in this procedure, including the execution of a supply contract, the suppher is added to the list of approved suppliers for the specific raw material. 

Sharp tools may be used for opening the drums only if advised by the suppher. Only non-sparking type devices (wooden mallets) with proper earth connection to each container (especially for aluminium powder) should be used. However, it is advisable to use alternative methods ofproduction where such types of raw materials are not required. 

Definition 4.4 Assume that in period t, the total amount of raw material m required by manufacturer n from its upstream suppher m is While in the same... 

Suppose we have a three-level mixed control supply chain with two manufacturers, two supphers and two customers as shown in Fig. 6.3. Each supplier can provide two raw materials. Each manufacturer can produce two products. For the first product, the BOM relationships between the raw materials and the product are both 2 1, while for the second product, the BOM relationships between the raw materials and the product are respectively 2 1 and 1 1 as shown in Fig. 6.4. The customer demand is a fuzzy random variable ... 

Primary business activities are based on the applications of structural composites as the business product. Secondary business activities serve the needs of the primary industries, often as suppliers of raw materials. A third level of business activity involves providing basic and specialized training for the use of structural composites in specific applications and markets. As an example, the primary industry might be an aircraft manufecturer or a construction engineering firm, the secondary industry could then be a cement suppher or a resin and reinforcement fiber manufacturer, and the tertiary industry could be an organization that provides training in the use of advanced composite materials for aircraft maintenance workers or in the use of concrete and paving blends. In a very real sense, the opportunity for an individual s success in this field is as limitless as the opportunities for new developments and applications of the materials. 

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