Randomized controlled trials cancer

Fairey, A.S. et al.. Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 12, 721, 2003. 

Huang, H. Y., Helzlsouer, K. J., and Appel, L.J., The effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative DNA damage results from a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 9, 647,2000. 

Rautalahti, M.T., Virtamo, J.R., Taylor, P.R., Heinonen, O.P., Albanes, D., Haukka, J.K., Edwards, B.K., Karkkainen, P.A., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.Z., and Huttunen, J., The effects of supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on the incidence and mortality of carcinoma of the pancreas in a randomized, controlled trial. Cancer, 86, 37, 1999. 

Adams, K.F., Chen, C., Newton, K.M., Potter, J.D., and J.W.L. 2004. Soy isoflavones do not alter prostate-speciflc antigen concentrations in older men in a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 13, 644-648. 

Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Ishikawa K, et al (2004) Prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for the prevention of liver metastasis inpatients with colon carcinoma a randomized control trial. Cancer 100 590-597... 

Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004 22 23-30. 

The WHI study was the first randomized, controlled trial to confirm that hormone therapy reduces colon cancer risk. 

Data from American Pain Society. Prinaples of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Chronic Cancer Pan, 5th ed. Glenview, IL American Pain Society, 2003 Anonymous. American Hospital Formulary Service. In Mc/oyGK, ed. Drug Information. Bethesda, MD American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1987, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999,2001,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Anonymous. Facts and Comparisons. Philadelphia Lippincott, 1986, 1991, 1994, 1997,2000,2003,2004,2006,20Q7 and Watkins PB, Kaplowitz N, Slattery TJ, et al. Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006 296 87-93. 

Staats, P.S., Yearwood, T., Charapata, S.G., Presley, R.W., Wallace, M.S., Byas-Smith, M., Fisher, R., Bryce, D.A., Mangieri, E.A., Luther, R.R., Mayo, M., McGuire, D., and Ellis, D., Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 291,63,2004. 

PORT Meta-analysis Trialists Group. Postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from nine randomized controlled trials. Lancet 1998 352 257-263. 

Kok T, Lanschot J, Siersema P, et al. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Final Report of a Phase III Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997 16 277a. 

Reid CM, Martin RM, Sterne JA, Davies AN, Hanks GW. Oxycodone for cancer-related pain meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2006 166 837-43. 

Smith I, Procter M, Gelber RD, Guillaume S, et al. 2007. 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer A randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 369 29-36. 

Dong EW, Connelly JE, Borden SP, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of cancer in randomized, controlled trials of verapamil. Pharmacotherapy. 1997 17 1210-1219. 

Mills E, Wu P, Seely D, Guyatt G. Melatonin in the treatment of cancer a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis. J Pineal Res. 2005 39 360-366. 

Boogaerts M, Winston DJ, Bow EJ, Garber G, Reboli AC, Schwarer AP, Novitzky N, Boehme A, Chwetzoff E, De Beule K Itraconazole Neutropenia Study Group. Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate as empirical antifungal therapy for persistent fever in neutropenic patients with cancer who are receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2001 135(6) 412-22. 

Lipton A, Theriault RL, Hortobagyi GN, Simeone J, Knight RD, Mellars K, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman JJ. Pamidronate prevents skeletal comphcations and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases long term followup of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer 2000 88(5) 1082-90. 

Oxycodone has been available in oral form for at least 70 years and is rarely given by other routes. In a study of subcutaneous oxycodone hydrochloride 100 mg/ml for opioid rotation in 63 patients with cancer pain (maximum dose 4.5-660 mg in 24 hours for 1-49 days) there was local toxicity in only two cases, and this included central pallor of the skin at the needle site with surrounding erythema and bruising there was no necrosis (10). The design of the study made it difficult to compare the adverse effects profile of subcutaneous oxycodone with oral oxycodone or other opioids. Randomized controlled trials are needed to support the conclusions that subcutaneous oxycodone is free from adverse effects and is a better vehicle for analgesia in terminal cancer. 

Kunikane H, Watanabe K, Fukuoka M, Saijo N, Furuse K, Ikegami H, Ariyoshi Y, Kishimoto S. Double-blind randomized control trial of the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2001 6(6) 296-301. 

Rosen LS, Gordon D, Tchekmedyian NS, Yanagihara R, Hirsh V, Krzakowski M, Pawlicki M, De Souza P, Zheng M, UrbanowitzG, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors a randomized, phase iii, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cancer 2004 100 2613-2621. 

Glantz MJ et al (1999) A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 5 3394-3402... 

Clark LC, Combs GF, Jr., Turnbull BW, Slate EH, Chalker DK, Chow J et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. 

Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Koutras A et al (2006) A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vitamin E supplementation for protection against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy final results. Support Care Cancer 14 1134-1140... 

Many analgesic effectiveness studies involving combination drug formulations (an opioid combined with a nonopioid) have been reported. For example, in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative obstetric or gynecologic pain, 2-tablet dose of hydrocodone 7.5 mg with ibuprofen 200 mg was comparable in efficacy to the 2-tablet dose of oxycodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 325 mg. Obviously both of these treatments were superior to the placebo [23]. In contrast, for treatment of chronic pain, the 2-tablet dose of hydrocodone 7.5 mg and ibuprofen 200 mg was more effective than either the 1 -tablet dose of this combination or the 2-tablet dose of codeine 30 mg and acetaminophen 300 mg combination [24]. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 118 patients with chronic cancer pain, the combination formulation of hydrocodone (25 mg/d) and acetaminophen (2500 mg/d) was effective in relieving pain in 56.5% of the patients [25]. 

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States (see Chap. 127). The WHl was the first randomized, controlled trial to confirm that hormone therapy reduces colon cancer risk. Compared with placebo, 6 fewer colorectal cancers are reported per year in every 10,000 women taking hormone therapy. ... 

Loprinzi CL, Kugler JW, Sloan JA, et al. Venlafaxine in management of hot flashes in survivors of breast cancer A randomized, controlled trial. Lancet 2000 356 2059-2063. 

Silverman LR, Demakos EP, Peterson BL, et al. Randomized controlled trial of azacytidine in patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome a smdy of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. J Clin Oncol 2002 20 2429-2440. 

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