Rand Experiment

In the 1970s and 1980s in the USA, the need for health cost containment and the alarming empirical estimates on the extent of moral hazard advised an increase in the co-payment rate for health services. Thus, Feldstein5 estimated that if the co-insurance rate were raised from 33 per cent to 67 per cent, the costs incurred due to welfare loss would fall much more than the benefits derived from reducing the risk. Subsequently, Feldman and Dowd,6 using data from the Rand experiment in the 1980s, reached similar conclusions. 

Figure Bl.15.11. Fomiation of electron spin echoes. (A) Magnetization of spin packets i,j, /rand / during a two-pulse experiment (rotating frame representation). (B) The pulse sequence used to produce a stimulated echo. In addition to this echo, which appears at r after the third pulse, all possible pairs of the tluee pulses produce primary echoes. These occur at times 2x, 2(x+T) and (x+2T).

The experiment conducted by the Rand Corporation in the late 1970s, designed as a large-scale experiment in order to overcome this methodological difficulty, is already a classic in the field of health economics.22 It consisted in allocating 16 different 3-5-year health insurance schemes at random to a broad sample of people distributed geographically in six different areas of the USA. The co-payment rates varied from 0 per cent to 95 per cent, depending on the scheme and the services provided. The data supplied by the... 

Newhouse, J. et al. (1993), Free for All Lessons from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, Cambridge Harvard University Press. 

Lohr, K., et al., "Use of Medical Care in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment Diagnosis and Service Specific Analyses in a Randomized Control Fill," Medicare, 24, S729-S801 (1986). 

Another clinically important effect I would like to mention is the inhibition of salivary secretion by clonidine. Both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are involved in the physiological regulation of salivation. HOEFKE (53) as well as RAND and coworkers (54) found that parasympathetic salivary secretion stimulated by electrical impulses on the chorda tympani and by carbachol could not be blocked by clonidine in anaesthetised animals. In our own experiments in rats with clonidine and the 2,6-diethyl derivative St 91 which does not penetrate to the CNS, secretion of saliva was blocked only after clonidine, (HOEFKE (55)) indicating a central mode of action. 

Anton, J. J., and D. A. Yao. 1987. Second Sourcing and the Experience Curve Price Competition in Defense Procurement. Rand Journal of Economics 18(l) 57-76. 

Table2. Diffusion time rand amplitude of the concentration signal het as measured by the time and the frequency domain experiment in Fig. 24...

Although, through the sane intervention of Henry Ford, the Ford Foundation rejected the Hutchins-Huxley proposal for private foundation sponsorship of LSD, it appears that the project was not dropped. Beginning in 1962, the RAND Corporation of Santa Monica California began a four-year experiment in LSD, peyote, and marijuana. The RAND Corporation... 

Matthias Schonlau is Head of the RAND Statistical Consulting Service. His research interests include computer experiments, data mining, web surveys, and data visualization. 

Two closely adjacent surfaces experience various forces van der Waals, electrostatic, steric, and hydration. There are excellent review discussions of these interactions (Israelachvili, 1985, 1987 Israelachvili and Marra, 1986 Parsegian et al., 1985, 1986 Rand et al, 1985). Steric forces (Fig. 8B) arise from the thermal motions of surface groups, are statistical, and may have a large characteristic length, as is found for polymer chains bound to a surface. Hydration forces (Fig. 8A) arise from perturbation of solvent by the surface they may be propagated through many layers of water, with detectable interaction at 10—30 A distance. 

Cook, C. Quasi-Experiments Nonequivalent Control Group Designs, Fankhauser, G., Ed. Rand McNally Chicago, 1979 137-146. 

Figure 2 shows the temperature change of typical experimental run with various concentrations of AFP solution. Arrows in this figure indicate the formation times of CO2 hydrate film on the solution droplet. The origin of the time axis (t=0) was defined as the time when the temperature reached Tg at the experimental pressure. Because the concentration of AFP was very small, the value of Tg for this experiment was taken as the same as that for pure CO2 hydrate. From Figure 2, we estimated both rand AT. 

Hayek et al. [1951HAY/REH] obtained products with compositions close to ThCl2 and ThCh from the reaction of thorium metal with gaseous chlorine in stoichiometric quantities while Jantsch and Homayr [1954JAN/HOM] reported the formation of ThCls as a result of the reduction of ThCh with aluminium and also, which is more surprising, from the thermal decomposition of ThCh at 673 K. As noted by Rand [1975RAN], contamination by oxygen and silica may have been serious in these experiments. 

Rand and Mukheiji (49) reported a MW calibration technique with the assistance of a computer program to handle the routine analysis of a specific polymer with a special set of columns, identical mobile phase, and identical SEC experiment. This method deals with modifying the previous calibration curve by shifting the retention times of the upper and/or lower limits to obtain a new calibration curve for the current experiment. 

Ruser, J.W. (1985). "Workers Compensation Insurance, Experience-Rating, and Occupational Injuries," Rand Journal of Economics 16(4) 487-503. 

In the carbon - COj reaction, the inhibitory effect of the CO produced can give rise to non-uniform gasification of the particle. Rand and Marsh (ref. 18) suggested that an increase in CO concentration in reactant gas results in an enhancement of the degree of uniformity of gasification. In order to create different CO concentrations in the vicinity of the reaction area, a series of experiments were performed, in which two different CO2 flow rates, 7 and 500 mL min", were used. 

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