Filling control

For oil-filled control equipment such as autotransformer starters or oil circuit breakers (BOCBs or MOCBs, Chapter 19), insulating oil should be checked periodically for its insulating properties. Leading manufacturers of this equipment indicate the number of switching operations under different conditions of load and fault, after which the oil must be replaced and these must be followed. 

These experimental facts indicate that this system can be an excellent model of band-filling control, and will be a good candidate for making a superlattice composed of Mott insulator/superconductor hetero-junctions. It should be emphasized that their lattice parameters are nearly kept constant through such an anion modification, which is the most essential feature for achieving the successful tuning of Tc in an organic superconductor. 

Komatsu T, Matsukawa N, Inoue T, Saito G (1996) Realization of superconductivity at ambient pressure by band-filling control in k-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3. J Phys Soc Jpn 65 1340-1354... 

Thermoforming station (pocket depth, pocket rupture) Forming head pressure and pressure distribution Cooling water supply for heated and cooled tools Vacuum exhaust system Empty hopper detector Fill control system... 

Feeding of products into the blister pockets Fill control system Sealing of the blister pack Application of blister code... 

Depending on the type of the available fill control system, the following device items should be checked to ensure that they fulfill their stated function ... 

Effect of thermoforming foil shift on fill control. 

Effect of leading interruption between fill control and ejector. 

The growth-promoting ability of the medium in the final filled containers should be demonstrated using filled control containers challenged with low levels of microorganisms. 

It is possible to induce metallic transport behavior at some finite temperature in solids with band gaps by doping the conduction band with charge carriers. This is appropriately termed a filling-control metal-nonmetal transition, since one is filling a formerly vacant conduction band with charge carriers. This is a topic that will be expanded upon later in... 

The filling control approach has even been applied to some nanophase materials. For example, the onset of metallicity has been observed in individual alkali metal-doped single-walled zigzag carbon nanotubes. Zigzag nanotubes are semiconductors with a band gap around 0.6 eV. Using tubes that are (presumably) open on each end, it has been observed that upon vapor phase intercalation of potassium into the interior of the nanotube, electrons are donated to the empty conduction band, thereby raising the Fermi level and inducing metallic behavior (Bockrath, 1999). 

Speculate as to the nature of the M-NM transition. Does varying the chemical composition (the value of x) primarily result in filling control or bandwidth control ... 

For Lao.eeTiOs, titanium is fully oxidized to Ti + (d°). Hence, the conduction band is empty. As the Ti + (d ) content increases with increased lanthanum deficiency, however, the conduction band becomes occupied with electrons. Thus, the M-NM transition appears to be under filling control. 

Figure 7. Filling control system. (Courtesy ofHeinkel Filtering Systems, Inc.)...

The entrance node is always treated as a filled node. After having obtained the nodal pressures, one calculates the net flow rates into each partially filled control... 

A first estimate of the effectiveness of a moderator-filled control element can be obtained from the application of the diffusion theory to the interior region of the rod. 

This approximation may be checked by comparing it to the limiting form of the relation (11.36) or (11.38), the criticality condition for the solid rod with zero fast current at the rod surface. The comparison is easily drawn with the aid of the approximations mentioned above for 6— 0. It is then seen that (11.38) reduces to (11.54), as is to be expected, since for the very small moderator-filled control tube, the effect of the moderator as a fast-neutron sink becomes negligibly small and the tube behaves like a solid rod. 

Some indication of the relative effectiveness of solid absorber and water-filled control rods is obtained by computing bk/k as a function of rod size for the 36.7-cm-radius bare cylinder. The results of such a computation are shown in Fig. 11.8. For both types of rods, the problem was solved by selecting various fuel loadings (corresponding to various values of hk/k) and computing the required rod radius to make the system just critical. The zero fast current criticality equation (11.38) was used for the solid absorber rod, and the approximation (11.50) was used for the water-filled rod. It is of interest to note that the com-... 

The overall systems for tank filling control should be of high integrity, with sufficient independence to ensure timely and safe shutdown to prevent tank overflow. 

Mould filling control. An HR system with hydraulically or pneumatically closed nozzles has given rise to a new potential for controlling the mould filling process. These techniques are known as sequential and cascade moulding (see Chapter 8.1). 

Doping-induced or filling-controlled ) MI transitions, resulting from the disappearance of the carrier density n... 

Changes inoi by filling control the density of the amorphous phase. The experimental data show that in the melts of oligoesters, for the whole range of interlayer thicknesses there are loosely packed regions. The dependence of the reduced specific volume, Va, on is nonlinear and characterized by the alternation of more dense and less dense regions typical for dissipative structures, formed as a result of non-reversible processes under non-equilibrimn conditions. ... 

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