Experience rating

Species Number of experiments Rate of gain Eeed/unit gain... 

PULSE-CHASE EXPERIMENTS RATE OF REACTION CHEMICAL KINETICS Rate processes in aqueous solutions, CHEMICAL KINETICS RATE SATURATION BEHAVIOR RAY-ROSCELLI TREATMENT ISOMERIZATION ISO MECHANISMS RE-... 

Insurance companies have developed several strategies to cope with the information difficulties that lead to moral hazard and adverse selection. They use deductibles and copayments to reduce moral hazard. If cusfomers musf pay some of fhe damage cosfs themselves when accidents occur, they are less likely to engage in unanticipated risky behavior. Some firms also use experience rafing (i.e., raising rates if a claim is made) to reduce moral hazard. Experience rating penalizes cautious clients who still suffer accidents, but insurance firms cannot economically differentiate those careful policyholders from morally hazardous ones. 

Addition of sodium polyphosphate appreciably altered the rate constants for reactions (19)—(21) and stabilized the small non-metallic silver clusters [512, 513]. Advantages of the steady-state and pulse-radiolytic approaches to silver-cluster formation are manifold. Firstly, experimental conditions can be precisely adjusted such that the reactive species is exclusively e or, alternatively, that it is a known alcohol radical. Secondly, the concentration of the reducing species (the number of reducing equivalents generated) is readily calculable. Thirdly, in time-resolved experiments, rate constants for the individual reaction steps can be determined by monitoring absorption and/or conductivity changes. These latter determinations permitted the assessment of agglomeration numbers [512,513]. 

Important contradictions to the original TCL theory were also obtained. It was found the travel experience group with less experience rated the self-actmlisation and self-development motives as more important. Indeed that group tended to rate most travel motivational factors as more important. Seven out of the nine motivational factors, which were identified to be significantly different in importance, were emphasised more by the people with less travel experience. This finding was consistent with the qualitative results. 

The overall incidence of adverse experience rates should be statistically compared across treatment groups. Analyses also should be undertaken to examine the data for relationships to dosage, duration of treatment, total dose, and demographic characteristics, as well as any other potentially relevant characteristics. 

Another important feature of mass transfer processes is related to the very physical nature of the phenomenon. As such it is easily quantifiable and predictable. Thus the rate of mass transfer to and from an electrode may be determined a priori for a given electrochemical system. As a result this rate may be used as natural built-in clock by which the rate of other electrochemical processes may be measured. Such a property was apparent in our earlier discussions related to electrode kinetics (electron transfer and coupled chemical reactions). Basically it proceeds from the same idea as that frequently used in organic chemistry for relative rate constant determinations, when opposing a chemical reaction of known (or taken as the reference in a series of experiments) rate constant against a chemical reaction whose rate constant (or relative rate constant) is to be determined. Many such examples exist in the organic literature, among which are the famous radical-clocks ... 

Graph 4. Learning Experience Rate at a Field Site... 

In another experiment, rate limitation by mass transfer was confirmed by the observed change in slope when switching from a low agitation speed to the highest speed experimentally tested (Fig. 7). 

Adverse Experiences. Data from controlled and uncontrolled trials should be integrated to provide estimated rates of adverse experiences. The tables of adverse experience rates, including the more serious or frequent experiences, should be compiled... 

The Federal Unemployment Tax Act of 1939 (P.L.76-379) (hereafter FUTA) and Titles III, IX, and XII of the Social Security Act of 1935 form the framework of the system. FUTA imposes certain mandates on states as a condition of their receipt of federal administrative funds and tax rebates. The two most important among them are a federally determined minimum wage base and the use of firm-level experience rating. FUTA imposes a 6.2% gross tax rate on the first USD... 

Under experience rating, the more UI paid to former employees, the higher the unemployment tax rate, up to a limit established by law. See Becker (1981). 

Other nations are seriously considering some form of experience rating for UI taxes. These nations include the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. 

Topel RH (1984) Experience rating of unemployment insurance and the incidence of unemployment. Journal of Law and Economics 27 61-90 Trattner WI (1979) From poor law to welfare state A history of social welfare in America, 2nd edn. The Free Press, New York... 

In kinetic NMR experiments, rate constants for the intermolecular hydrogen transfer from several carbohydrates to cysteinyl radicals were found to be of the order of k29 = (1-3) x lO s at 37 °G [77]. These values agree with previous, pulse radiolytically determined rate constants for thiyl radical-mediated hydrogen abstraction from various model alcohols and ethers [74, 78, 79]. In contrast, the reverse reaction, hydrogen transfer from thiols to carbohydrate radicals, proceeds with k 29 > 10 s [80, 81], indicating that equilibrium (3.29) is normally lo-... 

Overall Coking Model. From the tracer experiments, quenching and toluene solubility experiments, rates and product selectivities, the following model appears to describe the gross behavior of residue in a dealyed coking process. 

---