Radish oil

P. Mayerson, Radish oil a phenomenon in Roman Egypt, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 38, 109 117 (2001). 

Radish oil is supposed to be one of the most common oil crop products in Roman Egypt [61], as mentioned also by Pliny in Naturalis Historia (XV 7 XIX 26), though the source of this oil may not only be Raphanus sativus but other Cruciferae species as well. 

Behenic acid rt-Docosanoic acid 22 Brain, radish oil... 

The [resb roots of this plant yiirbl from Cl to 04 per ceac. of aa uii-pleasaDtly-smellicig oil reealliug ibe odonr of radishes. This oil contains phenyl-etbyl-thiocarbimide, 0.,H,(QH iNSC, and is a liquid of specific gravity lOI to 109 and optical roiaiion about + T to + 2°. 

Vegetable oils and dairy and animal fats were used extensively in ancient times in cookery, for lighting, and as ingredients of cosmetics, balms and medications [21 29]. Olive, almond, balanos, castor, coconut, linseed, moringa, palm, poppy, radish, safflower, and sesame oils were well known oleiferous species in the Mediterranean [21,30], Data on... 

It is impossible to reveal the botanical species from which the seed oil used in the examined lamps was actually produced, e.g. to say whether the oil came from radish as reported by Pliny or from another Brassicaceae plant such as rapeseed. However, the detection of the characteristic markers in lamps from Antinoe, one of the main urban centres of Roman Egypt, represents a chemical confirmation of the widespread use of cmciferous oil at that time, and is consistent with ancient documents [61,62]. This identification is... 

Aliotta, G., Cafiero, G., Fiorentino, A., Oliva, A., and Temussi, F. 2002. Olive oil mill wastewater isolation of polyphenols and their action on radish and wheat germination in vitro. Allelopathy J. 9, 9-17... 

A new condiment is described that contains soya-bean paste, puree from Jerusalem artichoke and radish, sugar, salt, vegetable oil and extracts of carrot seeds, mustard seeds, rice meal, fennel, basil, creeping thyme, and Grecian laurel. It has improved organoleptic properties and is enriched with biologically active substances. 

Properties Oily liquid, having an odor like mustard, garlic, or horse radish. M, P. 13.5°. B. P. 215.5°, Readily soluble in fatty oils and lipoids. In liquid and gaseous state it readily penetrates clothing and leather. In presence of water it undergoes hydrolysis, and it is easily decomposed by bleaching powder and Chlo-ramine-T. Powerful vesicant (blister-producer) very persistent, causing eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and inflammation of respiratory tract which may lead to pneumonia. 

Oil radish and mustard, but not cereals, are beneficial in a 1-year fallow. 

Sowing takes place between the middle and end of April. Under normal weather conditions, a lush plant cover develops hy the end of July. This is then chopped up with a flail cutter and left to wilt for 2-3 days, after which it is ploughed in. The second plant cover, 15-20 kg/ha of oil radish or field mnstard, is then sown at the beginning of August. 

After strawberries no other crops should be grown for at least 3-4 years or, if there has been infection with red root rot (Phytophthora fragariae), at least 15 years. To allow sufficient time for careful preparation of the bed where the strawberries are to be planted, the previous crop should be removed 4-6 weeks before planting. Suitable previous crops are 1-year artificial meadows, oil radish, rapeseed, mustard, buckwheat, winter cereals or vegetables (except Fabaceae). Previous crops that are unsuitable are natural meadows which have been turned over less than 3 years ago (because of weeds, white grubs, wireworms and nematodes), potatoes and tomatoes (because of Rhizoctonia and Verticillium sp.), phacelia (because of rhizome rot) and weed-infested crops. 

Growing an intermediate crop for 1 or 2 years, e.g. oil radish, an artificial meadow with lucerne or another deep-rooting sown plant, improves the... 

Oilseed rape species used to produce canola oil and meal are from the Brassica genus in the Cruciferae family. They were first cultivated in India almost 4000 years ago. Large-scale planting of rapeseed was first reported in Europe in the thirteenth century. The Brassica species probably evolved from the same common ancestor as wild mustard (Sinapis), radish (Raphanus), and arrugula Eruca). 

The root of Raphanus sativus var. niger (black radish) contains 0.0025% of essential oil with glycosides yielding allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate. 

It is formed in the thermal degradation of glucose (Heyns et al., 1966a Walter and Fagerson, 1968). The flavor is described as green, mustard, radish, buttery (Chemisis, 1980). The threshold in cottonseed oil is 8 ppm (Evans et al., 1971). 

The condition for uptake of the pesticide by the plant is given by its persistence or system characteristics. The most persistent pesticides are particularly organometallic (most of them organomercury) compounds or derivatives of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Depending on the concentration in the soil, they can be identified especially in root crops, carrot, radish, beet, potatoes and plants giving oil. The rate of uptake of these substances by plants are different even in the case of substances with a similar persistence [29, 30]. The uptake can also be different in the case of identical plants [31]. Solid pesticides penetrate more easily into agricultural products from sandy and clay soils [32]. 

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