Radiological Accidents

As described in Chapter 1, the three largest radiological accidents of the last twenty years tire tlie explosion at Chernobyl, the partial core meltdown at Three Mile Island Unit 2, tuid the mishandling of a radioactive source in Brazil. The least publicized, but perhaps tlie most appropriate of tliese accidents, witli respect to waste management, was tlie situation in Brazil. 

Brazil, site of radiological accident in September 1987 at Goiania wherein 137Cs was deposited on soil for 3 weeks before remedial action. Rainwater runoff contaminated the waterways ... 

Radiological accident (industry, medical, nuclear power plant)... 

International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization. (1998). Planning the medical response to radiological accidents (Safety Series Report No. 4). Vienna, Austria IAEA. 

Gonzales, A.J., Bennett, B.G. and Geoffrey, A.M., Mission report Radiological accident at Tomsk-7, Russian Federation, 6 April 1993, IAEA No. Tomsk-7 sr/2653 (1993). 

The WHO International Programme on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPHECA) The results of the IPHECA project were recently published and discussed at the WHO International Conference on the Health Consequences of the Chernobyl and other Radiological Accidents, held in Geneva, 20-23 November 1995. IPHECA generally confirmed the conclusions of the ICP and provided additional information on the increase in child thyroid cancer incidence foreseen by the ICP. 

The whole body, or a significant portion of the body, must receive the dose. The most frequent radiological accidents cause local injury, frequently the hands, and do not cause ARS. 

Three historical events have been recognized as significant radiological accidents. These events include the meltdown at Chernobyl, the partial meltdown at Three Mile Island, and an incident of radioactive waste mishandling in Brazil. Elaborate on the events that occurred in Brazil. What were the impacts on the public health of the local community ... 

Hurtado RM, Secin R, Marquez M, et al The radiological accident in El Salvador psychological aspects, in The Medical Basis for Radiation-Accident Preparedness, III The Psychological Perspective. Edited by Ricks RC, Berger ME, O Hara FM Jr. New York, Elsevier, 1991, pp 187-191... 

The ADM-300 MFR replaces the PAC-IS, AN/PDR 27, AN/PDR 43, and AN/PDR 56 series radiation, detection and computation (RADIAC) instruments. The ADM-300 MFR is used to monitor and detect high and low intensities of radiation from radiological accidents and wartime levels of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. The ADM300 MFR is available for worldwide mobility and is available at all U. S. Air Force installations. 

There are three phases of a radiological accident early, intermediate, and late. The early phase of an incident is characterized by a need to make immediate decisions about protective actions. These actions are based on a nuclear power plants status and dose projections. Recommendations may be shelter in place or evacuation if the dose is greater than 1 rem. 

Emergency Management Institute, National Emergency Training Center. (October 2000). Radiological Accident Assessment Concepts (E341) Precourse Workbook. 

Radiological accidents can occur wherever radioactive materials are used, stored or transported. In addition to nuclear power plants, hospitals, universities, research laboratories, industries, major highways, railroads or. shipping yards could be the site of a radiological accident. 

Contact your local emergency manager for information about how to re.spond to a radiological accident, and to learn emergency plans tor schools, day care centers, nursing homes—anywhere family members might be. 

Radiological accidents Emergencies (Before, During After) 206... 

In 1995, a joint project was started between SNL and KRI concerning the analysis of radiological accident consequences. The content and results of this work were reported at the preceding Workshop [4]. At present, KRI under the contract with SNL performs the verification of MACCS-2 Code by comparing calculated results with real field observations of radioactive contamination formed in 1957 during the explosion of the high-level tank in Chelyabinsk-65. 

D. Carlson, M. Young, L. Lazarev, B. Petrov, V. Romanovsky, Overview of Sandia National Laboratories and Khlopin Radium Institute Collaborative Radiological Accident Consequence Analysis Efforts, Nuclear Materials Safety Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, p. 333. 

Other IAEA series that include safety related sales publications are the Technical Reports Series, the Radiological Assessment Reports Series and the INSAG Series. The IAEA also issues reports on radiological accidents and other special sales publications. Unpriced safety related publications are issued in the TECDOC Series, the Provisional Safety Standards Series, the Training Course Series, the IAEA Services Series and the Computer Manual Series, and as Practical Radiation Safety Manuals and Practical Radiation Technical Manuals. 

Reports on safety and protection in nuclear activities are issued in other publications series, in particular the Safety Reports Series. Safety Reports provide practical examples and detailed methods that can be used in support of the safety standards. Other IAEA series of safety related publications are the Provision for the Application of Safety Standards Series, the Radiolo0cal Assessment Reports Series and the International Nuclear Safety Group s INSAG Series. The IAEA also issues reports on radiological accidents and other special publications. 

Development of Emergency Response Preparedness for Nuclear or Radiological Accidents, IAEA-TECDOC-953, Vienna (1997). 

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in Goiania, IAEA, Vienna (1988). 

Socioeconomic consequences resulting from radiological accidents or malicious acts are excluded, as no methodology for quantifying and comparing these effects, especially on an international basis, has yet been developed ... 

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