Radiation accidents

The role of cytokine therapy in the management of radiation accident victims has been summarized (152). In GoiBnia in Brazil in 1987, eight radiation accident victims were treated with GM-CSF one month after radiation exposure. Marked increases in granulocyte production were induced in five persons, although this did not prevent death. 

N. Kobayashi, Y. Yamamoto, and M. Akashi, Prussian blue as an agent for decontamination of 137Cs in radiation accidents. Hoken Butsuri 33, 323-330 (1998). 

Collins, D.L., Stress at Three Mile Island altered perceptions, behaviors and neuroendocrine values, in The Medical Basis for Radiation-Accident Preparedness III Psychological Perspectives, Ricks, R.C. and Berger, M.E., Eds., Elsevier Science, New York, 1991. 

Goans, R.E., Holloway, E.C., Berger, M.E., and Ricks, R.C., Early dose assessment following severe radiation accidents, Health Physics, 72, 513, 1997. 

ICRP, Protection of the Public in the Event of Major Radiation Accidents Principles for Planning, Publication 40, International Commission on Radiological Protection, Stockholm, 1984. 

Georgievsky V. Ecological and dose models in radiation accidents, 1994. - 236 p. 

Brues AM. 1979. The long term follow up radium dial painters and thorium workers. Med Bases Radiat Accident Prep 441-450. 

Radiation Personnel Accident. Radiation exposure in accidents of personnel in nuclear facilities and non-destructive detection have been evaluated with ESR dosimetry. For example, the amputated medium fibre bone of a worker in Peru, who tried to solve the problem by directly touching the source of 60Co unit for a few seconds, was measured four years later.The dose was measured by 6.4 + 0.5 Gy, while 20 + 3 Gy was obtained from fluorescence in situ hybridization method. The result would suggest diagenic decay of the signal due to the metabolism of bone.96 Thus, ESR gives the retrospective dose for radiation accidents. 

Shleien B, Halperin JA, Bilstad JM, Botstein P, Dutra EV Jr. Recommendations on the use of potassium iodide as a thyroid-blocking agent in radiation accidents an FDA update. Bull NY Acad Med 1983 59(10) 1009-19. 

The radiation paradigm also is applied to other situations including cleanup of sites contaminated with uranium or thorium mill tailings, mitigation of indoor radon, remediation of elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides other than radon, and responses to radiation accidents. In these applications, the maximum acceptable risk has a value in the range of about 10 1 to 10 3 (Kocher, 1999). 

Retrospective analysis of occurred radiation accidents shows that the most of their-related damages was due to impertinence, incompleteness and biased character of issued information. If the concerned speciahsts had responded more efficiently on the emergency events, their implications could have been minimized (or prevented). 

The responsibility for nuclear and radiation safety, physical protection of nnclear materials and payment of damages cansed by potential radiation impacts in a case of radiation accident during shipment of naval SNF rests on the following three parties The Shipper , "The Cargo Carrier" and The Consignee in compliance with the relevant provisions of the contracts in force. 

The so-called research survey is an extended ( in-depth ) variant of environmental monitoring however, in real conditions it is most often limited to some extended information survey. The research survey is conducted once every three years and more rarely, as well as before commissioning of a hazardous facility and during elimination of consequences of radiation accidents. Samples are also taken using the principle of surveying nuclear- and radiation-hazardous objects and next comparing the smvey data with some control backgrormd points. 

Fong, F. (2002). Medical management of radiation accidents. In D. Hogan J. Burstein (Eds.), Disaster medicine (pp. 237-257). Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 

Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), includes class schedule for Medical Care and Planning in Radiation Accidents. Web site at http //orise.orau.gov/reacts/index.htm... 

Dalgamo, B.G. and McClymont, J.D., Evaluation of ESR as a radiation accident dosimetry technique, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 40 (1989) 1013. 

Kumatori, T., et al.. Follow-up studies over a 25-year period on the Japanese fisherman exposed to radioactive fallout in 1954. The Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness. Elsevier-North Holland, New York, 1980, pp. 33-54. 

In the past, radiation accidents have frequently resulted in a delayed diagnosis. In a study of four radiation accidents due to lost sources (Mit Haifa, Egypt, May 2000,... 

Fig. 4.1 (See color Plate) Acute ulceration in a Peruvian patient who inadvertently placed a 26-Ci Ir source in his back pocket, 3 days postexposure. The source remained in the pocket for approximately 6.5 h (From the medical basis for radiation accident preparedness, proceedings of the fourth international conference on accident preparedness, March 2001. Reproduced with permission of Routledge/Taylor Francis Group, LLC. Also available at http //www.bt.cdc.gov/ radiation/criphysicianfactsheet.asp B.)...

From Andrews GA, Auxier JA, Lushbaugh CC. The hnportance of Dosimetry to the Medicel Management of Persons Exposed to High Levels of Radiation. In Personal Dosimetry for Radiation Accidents. Vienna International Atomic Energy Agency 1965. 

Evidence for the effectiveness of these agents comes from their use in cancer patients, human radiation accident victims, and animal studies. Filgrastim and sargramostim have hastened neutrophil recovery 3-6 days in patients following... 

In addition to cytokines, patients with anemia may benefit from receiving epoetin and darbepoetin, even thongh stndies have not established their effectiveness following radiation accidents (2). The response to these agents takes np to 3-6 weeks, and patients may reqnire snpplementation with iron (2). 

Conrad RA Direct and outside influences on the psychological health of a Marshall Island population exposed to radioactive fallout, in The Medical Basis for Radiation-Accident Preparedness, III The Psychological Perspective. Edited by Ricks RC, Berger ME, O Hara FM Jr. New York, Elsevier, 1991, pp 165-171 Copeland DR, deMoor C, Moore BD 3rd, et al Neurocognitive development of children after a cerebellar tumor in infancy a longitudinal study. J Clin Oncol 17 3476-3486,1999... 

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