Rainwater runoff

If the plant engineer is a specialist in anything, it is in his/her own plant or facility. Plant engineers must learn to know their own plants thoroughly, from the geology underlying its foundations and the topology of the rainwater runoff to the distribution of its electricity and the eccentricities of its production machinery. They must ensure the quality of the environment both inside... 

The rainwater runoff from buildings depends on the geographical location and storm-return period specified. Rainwater runoff from a roof is relatively clean and can discharge directly to a watercourse, lake, etc. without passing through an interceptor. 

Brazil, site of radiological accident in September 1987 at Goiania wherein 137Cs was deposited on soil for 3 weeks before remedial action. Rainwater runoff contaminated the waterways ... 

Continue development work using new materials to obtain cheap and effective covers for both slurry and solid manure stores, which will contain odours and prevent rainwater runoff and avoid water pollution. 

For example, a significant portion of refinery waste arises from oily sludge found in combined process/storm sewers. Segregation of the relatively clean rainwater runoff from the process streams can reduce the quantity of oily sludge generated. Furthermore, there is a much higher potential for recovery of oil from smaller, more concentrated process streams. 

Segregate process (oily) waste streams from relatively clean rainwater runoff to reduce the quantity of oily sludge. 

Deposits during a dry-weather period (e.g. atmospheric fallout of suspended particulate matter) will be flushed out, together with rainwater runoff... 

On the other hand, the contribution of ions to river water in wet climates by soil weathering is very low, whereas the direct rainwater contribution is higher. In contrast, dryer climates have much higher rainwater runoff and weathering contributions and, as a consequence, the concentration of dissolved and particulate matter is much higher. As a result, dissolved Na+ may predominate over Ca2+, and there may be an increase in NOJ and Cl-. 

Salt is also lost in rainwater runoff. Crusting of the surface of the pile by accumulation of insolubles actually helps to limit this loss. The storage pad should be sloped at least 1-2% to remove drainage to a catchment efficiently and to prevent accumulation of surface water [29]. At the same time, the slope should be limited to about 5% [30], above which operation of equipment like front-end loaders can become unstable. On large pads, ditches and pipes can improve drainage. The drainage should be away from any adjacent ground-water system. Otherwise, it can follow the terrain. 

What is the probability of containment failure What are the subsequent consequences Review spill containment, rainwater runoff and fire water containment. ... 

Urban surface runoff waters Large amounts of Pb removed in rainwater runoff from roadways only 5—10% is soluble Roadway runoff water Pb transport studies Harrison and Laxen (1981)... 

Up to 50% of roadway lead was removed during rainwater runoff in the Japanese study of Shinya et al. (2000). How much was removed depended on the amounts of lead on the surfaces prior to the rains and the length of the rain periods. 

A form of rainwater harvesting involves collection on the soil surface. Soil can be prepared especially for this purpose, such as by planting grass varieties that produce a dense sod from which rainwater tends to wash off. Large parking lots and other paved areas are potential sources of rainwater runoff that can be harvested. 

In many parts of the United States, significant concentrations of CaC03 and MgC03 dissolve into rainwater runoff as it flows through soils rich in these compounds. 

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