Questions demographic

In 1986, the National Geographic Society, in cooperation with the MoneU Center, conducted a worldwide survey of the sense of smell. Over 10 million survey forms were sent to readers of the Society s journal, of which close to 1.5 million forms were completed and returned. With responses to 40 demographic and 42 odor-related questions, the results constitute the largest set of data on human olfaction (4). 

Our current study of drug use and crime in arrestees in Manhattan overcame some of these measurement problems and enabled us to address some of these basic questions regarding POP use and crime. The recent use of PCP (as well as other drugs) in male arrestees was measured by a urinalysis of a specimen obtained within hours after arrest. We therefore did not have to rely on each person s accurate report that he had taken PCP. We shall use the urinalysis test results, with information from interviews with the arrestees, and from their criminal records, to describe the prevalence of PCP use in arrestees, the demographic characteristics of users and the types of offenses for which they are arrested. The next section describes our study of drug use and crime in arrestees in Manhattan. 

The randomization data are used in both efficacy and safety analyses, as they are typically the key stratification variable for the trial. The randomization data allow you to answer the question of whether patients who are getting the study therapy fare better than the alternative. CDISC places treatment assignment information in the special demographics domain. 

Of the various demographic factors, age is especially significant in the responses to this question. As indicated in Figure 1.1, for all age categories,... 

Before beginning the actual detailed examination that is the thrust of the walk-through survey, it is necessary to prepare yourself for what you are about to do. You can t just walk in and start looking at various activities. If you are not already familiar with every aspect of plant activity, you should familiarize yourself with the nature of the operation, including the organizational and demographic background, the processes, the tasks, the flow of activities, the equipment, and so on. Before you start any inspection you should ask yourself some specific questions such as those listed in Table 14-1. 

This raises the important question of what is elderly . In the average regulatory dossier, the majority of patients are likely to be less than 75 years old, yet population demographics point... 

Early in my interviews I asked people a number of demographic questions, including their religion. Although she had been raised Catholic and attended parochial schools prior to high school, Emily had stopped going to church as soon as I was on my own. Later she had two... 

As pertinent variables are identified, it will become clear that some data will be easily obtainable, whereas information on other variables will be extremely difficult to acquire. Pharmacy-related data often are easily retrievable because much of the information can be obtained directly from the pharmacy s prescription computer program (and the patient profiles). Patient demographic information such as gender and age generally is also stored on the pharmacy computer. However, depending on the research question, data from other areas of the health care system may need to be collected as well. For instance, one hypothesis could be that a pharmacy service may result in a reduction in emergency department visits. Pharmacists often do not have access to data on emergency department visits in their own records. 

The basic question is, Why are sufficient numbers of U.S. students not attracted to careers in science and engineering, particularly since the opportunities seem to be so great I believe this is largely due to demographic trends and to the state of K-12 science education. 

Typically it is things like age, gender, post code, employment, disease status, etc. that are likely to be investigated as possible causal factors influencing outcomes recorded in other questions. It is these that I refer to as demographics . 

One very useful way to reduce multiplicity arises with clusters of knowledge testing questions. If a group of questions all test the same topic, consider combining the results from all the questions to produce an overall score. You can then test whether key demographic factors affect this single result rather than testing each test question separately. 

In view of the high cost of fruit production, the low success rate of sexual reproduction, and the added vigor and increased shoot number that result from flower and fruit abortion, the question arises why P. peltatum has not abandoned propagation by seed altogether. The persistence of sexual development in mayapple must have demographic implications that... 

Table 1 reports the descriptive statistics of the explanatory variables. They include respondents socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, household size, household income classes), their residence (divided in small—less than 50,000 inhabitants— and big towns) and a dummy variable indicating their answer to the question... 

Twenty-nine out of 93 questionnaires were satisfactorily completed and included in the study. Sixteen questions, qualitative as well as quantitative, about the decision process that led to the start of the conversion process, the farming situation before and after/during conversion as well as socio-demographic factors were included in the questionnaire. Special focus was placed on the problems experienced during the conversion process as well as on the most important changes that took place during this time. 

Because risk is principally a function of usage or exposure, any form of assessment should only be based on experimental protocols that reproduce demographic use of the product in question. In dermal risk assessment, it is important that any estimation of skin absorption take into consideration the likely amount, extent, and duration of exposure that would occur in use (see, for example, Barlow et al., 2001). These parameters are readily controlled during in vitro experiments, and certainly the amount of product applied has been the subject of considerable guidance. There are several published recommendations on both the expression of dose levels and the specific quantities involved. The FDA/AAPS guidelines (Skelly etal., 1987)... 

In many respects, risk assessment for components of cosmetic formulations is a more straightforward task than that for environmmtal contaminants (Yourick and Bronaugh, 1999). Exposure periods and amounts appfied to the skin can be readily defined, and the concentration of the substance in question in the product is usually known. There is also a reasonably accurate measure of the frequency of appheation, which can be established by demographic studies. The studies described below illustrate the use of experimentally derived in vitro skin permeation data in generating margins of safety for two commonly used cosmetic types, sunscreen agents and hair dyes. 

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