Sunscreen agent

Scalia [254] extracted five sunscreen agents (2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzo-ate, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate [octyl 

Seven benzophenone sunscreen agents (benzophenones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 often hydroxylated and/or methoxylated benzophenones) were extracted from suncreams, lipsticks, and other personal care products and separated on a C g column (A = 286nm). A 30/30/40 methanol/acetonitrile/water mobile phase generated good peak shapes and resolution in 40 min [255]. All detection limits were similar and were reported as about 1 mg/L. 

A series of nine sunscreen additives (Uvinuls) were separated and quantitated on a C g column (A = 292nm) using a two-iamp 2/3/95- 35/35/30 (at 50 min) 100/0/0 (at 60 min) methanol/acetonitrile/water (1% w/w acetic acid) gradient [257]. The compounds resolved included 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, 2,2 -dihydroxy-4,4 -dimethoxy-, 2,4-dihydroxy-, and 2,2, 4,4 -tetrahydroxybenzophe- 

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Sun protective factor Sunroof laminates Sunscreen agents Sunscreen products Sunscreens... 

The main commercial apphcations for sahcylate esters are as uv sunscreen agents and as flavor and fragrance agents. Several have apphcation as topical analgesics. A number of sahcylate esters of commercial interest and their physical properties are hsted in Table 8. 

Horn omen thyl saUcylate (homosalate), employed as a sunscreen agent, is on a Hst of 21 compounds for OTC sunscreen products, recommended by the FDA advisory review panel on OTC bum and sunburn prevention as both "safe and effective" (30). Menthyl saUcylate (6) is also a sunscreen agent. 

Therapeutic Function Sunscreen agent, antirickettsial Chemical Name p-aminobenzolc acid Common Name Vitamin H, Vitamin B, PABA Structural Formula ... 

Therapeutic Function As a vitamin A precursor sunscreen agent Chemical Name f3-Carotene... 

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), HCjH NO is used in some sunscreen agents. A solution is made by dissolving 0.263 mol of PABA in enough water to make 750.0 mL of solution. The solution has [H+] = 2.6 X 10-3 M. What is Ka for PABA ... 

Zeevi, A., Klang, S., Alard, V., Brossard, F. and Benita, S. (1994) The design and characterization of a positively charged submicron emulsion containing a sunscreen agent. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 108 (1), 57-58. 

Modena, T., Conti, B. and Pavanetto, F. (2002) Effect of nanoparticle encapsulation on the photostability of the sunscreen agent,2-ethylhexyl-p-... 

Besides these toxic effects, many studies showed the potential for oestrogenic activity of several sunscreen agents. These effects can be detected in vivo or at in vitro assays. The last are usually more sensitive than the former, concluding sometimes in an overestimation of the effects. Nevertheless, in vitro assays are faster and cheaper and allow a rapid screening of oestrogenic compounds. Therefore, a combination of different assays is recommended in order to have a wide spectrum of toxicity data that would allow performing a reliable risk assessment. 

Ultraviolet sunscreen agents, salicylic acid esters as, 22 12, 16 Umami receptor, 24 248 Umami sensation, 11 523, 565 Umber... 

Nakajima M, Kawakami T, Niino T, Takahashi Y, Onodera S (2009) Aquatic fate of sunscreen agents octyl-4-methoxycinnamate and octyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate in model swimming pools and the mutagenic assays of their chlorination byproducts. J Health Sci 55(3) 363-372... 

Add UV-absorbing compounds to a skin moisturizer and you have sunblock lotion. Making a sunblock lotion water resistant, however, is problematic. Upon exposure to water, the surfactants within the lotion help to remove the lotion. Manufacturers generally recommend that you reapply the lotion after swimming. Lotions that minimize the use of surfactants have increased water resistance, but they tend to be oily or greasy. For these reasons, many water-resistant formulas include compounds that polymerize into a nonpolar, water-resistant film that helps to hold the sunscreen agent on the skin when wet. 

Therapeutic Function Vitamin A precursor, Sunscreen agent Chemical Name p-Carotene Common Name -Structural Formula ... 

Therapeutic Function Choleretic, Spasmolytic, Sunscreen agent... 

Several commercial products have been produced via Heck reactions on a scale in excess of one ton year"1 [43]. The sunscreen agent 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinna-mate has been synthesized on a pilot scale by using Pd/C as the catalyst [44]. Albermarle produces Naproxen via a Heck reaction of 2-bromo-6-methoxy-naphthalene with ethylene, followed by carbonylation of the product [45]. A key step in the production of Singulair (montelukast sodium), a leukotriene receptor antagonist for treatment of asthma, is Heck reaction of methyl 2-iodobenzoate with an allylic alcohol to give a ketone [43]. 

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