Nurse’s Health Study

Link between HRT and breast cancer uncertain, but Nurse s Health Study suggested a relative risk of 1.36 adding a progestogen reduces the risk (163)... 

In the Lyon Diet Heart Study, survivors of myocardial infarctions on a Mediterranean style diet rich in ALA were less likey to experience a second episode (de Lorgeril et al., 1994). These researchers reported that nonfatal myocardial infarctions and total death in subjects on the experimental and control diets were reduced by 75% and 70%, respectively. Fewer nonfatal myocardial infarctions also were reported in subjects consuming an Indo-Mediterranean diet rich in ALA (Singh et al., 2002). The Nurse s Health Study (Albert et al., 2004) also showed that diets rich in ALA reduce the risk of dying from coronary heart disease. The study was a 16-year followup involving approximately 76,000 women. Women on the highest ALA (1.5 g/day) diet had a 21% and 46%, respectively, lower risk of dying from coronary heart disease or sudden cardiac death compared to women on a 0.7 g ALA/day diet. 

The two largest studies, Nurse s Health Study (NHS) and Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS), were also examined together for the relationship of vitamin E and colon cancer but the findings do not provide consistent support of an inverse association between supplemental vitamin E and colon cancer risk (26). 

Liu, S.M., et al.. Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease results from the Nurse s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 412, 1999. 

Acronyms and abbreviations PHSl, Physician s Health Study I CHAOS, Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study ATBC, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Stirdy NHS, Nurses Healtli Study CVD, cardiovascular disease ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis NMD A, A-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors. 

Type 2 diabetes Nurse s Heaith Study Lower RR with increased whoie grains Liu et ai. (2000) A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. American Journai of Public Health 90 1409-1415. 

Karlson, E. W., Mandl, L. A., Hankinson, S. E., and Grodstein, E. (2004). Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis Results from the nurses health study. Arthitis Rheum. 50,3458-3467. 

A study on diet and colon cancer was reported by W. Willett s group (Willett et at., 1990) (Table 11.3). The study examined various components of the diet, such as fiber, fat, and meat. The fiber component was divid into cereal fiber and fruit fiber. The fat component was divided into meat fat, dairy fat, saturated fat, and unsaturated fat. The meat component was divided into beef, pork, and lamb, and into rare versus well-done Styles of cooking. The body mass index, as defined in the Obesity chapter, was also recorded. The study was part of the Nurses Health Study Cohort, which was inibated in 1976 and involved 121,700 female nurses. Every 2 years, the nurses filled in a questionnaire that asked about various risk factors for disease. The questionnaire asked, for example, about 61 foods and their frequency In the diet. The foods were chosen to allow epidemiologists to make broad statements regarding the component nutrients. 

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