Breeding, selective

Maintenance of conditions ia the culture environment that keep stress to a minimum is one of the best methods of a voiding diseases. Vacciaes have beea developed agaiast several diseases and more are under development. Selective breeding of animals with disease resistance has met with only limited success. Good sanitation and disiafection of contaminated faciUties are important avoidance and control measure. Some disiafectants are Hsted ia Table 6. Poad soils can be sterilized with burnt lime (CaO), hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2], or chlorine compounds (12). 

The first cultivated mbber trees produced 500 kg/ha of mbber and selective breeding over the years has resulted in yields during the mid-1990s as high as 3000 kg/ha. However, average yields in the principal producing countries can vary from 400—1200 kg/ha. In Malaysia the smallholder sector produces about 850 kg/ha, whereas the estate plantations can produce about 1200 kg/ha. 

Just like all herbal medicinal preparations, C. sativa should be standardized if extracts or whole plant material are to be used for medicinal purposes. Basic requirements are that all detectable constituents should be known, but also a sustainable quahty control system must be established to achieve the same quahty over all batches. For industrial use of cannabis, standardization could also be necessary to equahze the quality of the product. However, it must be stated that cultivation for this purposes is mostly performed outdoors. Outdoor growth makes standardization of the product difficult due to the environmental changes. For this reason the Dutch medicinal C. sativa is grown under strictly controllable conditions, and therefore indoors, by the company Bedrocan. At this company clones are used for breeding to maintain high standards for quantity and quality. After a strictly selective breeding procedure a plant fine has been estabhshed fulfilhng all criteria as a herb for medicinal use. 

Racine RJ, Steingart M, McIntyre DC. 1999. Development of kindling prone and kindling resistant rats selective breeding and electrophysiological studies. Epilepsy Res... 

Effect of Six Decades of Selective Breeding on Soybean Protein Composition and Quality A Biochemical and Molecular Analysis (from Mahmoud et ah, 2006)... 

Mahmoud, A. A. Natarajan, S. S. Bennett, J. O. Mawhinney, T. R Wiebold, W. J. Krishnan, H. B. Effect of Six Decades of Selective Breeding on Soybean Protein Composition and Quality A Biochemical and Molecular Analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 3916-3922. 

In the broadest sense, genetic engineering refers to any artificial process that alters the genetic composition of an organism. Such alterations can be carried out indirectly through chemical methods, radiation, or selective breeding. The term usually refers to the process whereby genes or portions of chromosomes are chemically altered. 

Moreover, their housing is less space- and cost-intensive, which predestines them for large mutagenesis screens, selective breeding and quantitative trait loci studies. Although rats are principally indispensable for behavioural experiments, mice will clearly dominate the experimental analysis of learning and memory for the next decade. 

Overstreet DH, Russel RW, Helps SC, Messenger M (1979) Selective breeding for sensitivity to the anticholinesterase, DFP. Psychopharmacology (fieri) 65 15-20 Overstreet DH, Rezvani AH, Janowsky DS (1992) Mandsley reactive and nonreactive rats differ only in some tasks reflecting emotionality. Physiol Behav 52 149-152 Overstreet DH, PncUowski O, Rezvani AH, Janowsky DS (1995) Administration of antidepressants, diazepam and psychomotor stimulants further confirms the utility of Flinders sensitive line rats as an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 121 27-37... 

Studies in Strains Obtained through Selective Breeding... 

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