Inbred Mouse Strains

These examples underline that in the search for animal models of anxiety disorders it is not sufficient to screen for anxiety-related behavioral characteristics. On the contrary, it is of fundamental importance to phenotype extensively and carefully each potential animal model, even the well-established inbred mouse strains. 

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A/J A Jackson inbred mouse strain ALP Anti-leukoprotease ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate also known as adenosine 3, 5 -phosphate AM Alveolar macrophage AML Acute myelogenous leukaemia AMP Adenosine monophosphate AMVN 2,2 -azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)... 

Xu Y, Demarest K, Hitzemann R, Sike-la J. Gene coding variant in Casl between the C57BC/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains Linkage to a QTL for ethanol-induced locomotor activation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001, in press. Foroud T, Li T-K. Genetics of alcoholism. A review of recent studies in human and animal models. Am J Addict 1999 8 261-278. 

Hatchell PC, Collins AC. The influence of genotype and sex on behavioural sensitivity to nicotine in mice. Psychopharmacology 1980 71(1) 45—49. Robinson SF, Marks MJ, Collins AC. Inbred mouse strains vary in oral self-selection of nicotine. Psychopharmacology 1996 124(4) 332—339. 

Barkats M, Venault P, Christen Y, Cohen-Salmon C. (1995). Effect of long-term treatment with EGb 761 on age-dependent structural changes in the hippocampi of three inbred mouse strains. Life Sci. 56(4) 213-22. 

Recently, evidence was provided that in a rat model of innate high or low emotionality (see Sect. 3.1.1) the degree of anxiety is differentially associated with enhanced performance of distinct informational processes (Ohl et al. 2002). It was hypothesized that the increased anxiety-related behavior may be due to these differences in cognitive processing. Concerning the analysis of the interaction between anxiety and cognition, inbred mouse strains (see Sect. 3.1.2, such as C57BL/6 (BL6) and DBA/2 (DBA) mice, are also of interest. 

Rogers DC, Jones DNC, Nelson PR, Jones CM, Quilter CA, Robinson TL, Hagan JJ (1999) Use of SHIRPA and discriminant analysis to characterise marked differences in the behavioural phenotype of six inbred mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 105 207-217 Rosen JB, Schulkin J (1998) From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychol Rev 105 325-350... 

Grisel, J.E., Belknap, J.K., O Toole, L.A., Helms, M.L., Wenger, C.D., and Crabbe, J.C. (1997) Quantitative trait loci affecting methamphetamine responses in BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains./ Neurosci 17 745-754. 

Berrettini, W.H., Ferraro, T.N., Alexander, R.C., Buchberg, A.M., and Vogel, W.H. (1994) Quantitative trait loci mapping of three loci controlling morphine preference using inbred mouse strains. Nat Geneti 7 54-58. 

Table 14. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumour incidence in two inbred mouse strains and four types of hybrid showing inheritance of a major dominant susceptibility gene...

Kindt, T.J., Gris, C., Guenet, J.L., Bonhomme, F., Cazenave, P.-A. (1985). Lambda light chain constant and variable gene complements in wild-derived inbred mouse strains. Eur. J. Immunol. 15,... 

The Thy-1 antigen is a cell surface antigen found in mice and rats. The antigen is membrane bound and is one of a number of differentiation antigens which appear on bone marrow lymphocytes and early postnatal development. Thy-1 is the product of codominant alleles on chromosome 9 in mice, and all inbred mouse strains are homozygous at this locus and express either Thy-1.1 or Thy-1.2 antigens - We previously proposed that the allo-... 

Inbred strains could be chosen on the basis of availability, knowledge of strain characteristics and absence of any biological properties which would preclude use of the strain, such as autoimmune disease or cancer. Strains which are genetically dissimilar could be chosen in order to maximise the chance of choosing at least one susceptible strain. For example inbred mouse strains have been classified into seven major families, based on the analysis... 

Byers, S. L., Payson, S. J. and Taft, R. A. (2006) Performance of ten inbred mouse strains following assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Theriogenology 65, 1716-1726. 

At present, we can induce CML in mice with high efficiency, shown by 100% induction of CML in mice (14). The same CML disease could be induced in most of the inbred mouse strain including C57BL/6, BALB/c, and viable gene knockout mice strains (15). Because all recipients develop CML with a short latency (about 3 weeks), this provides an excellent model for evaluating therapeutic agents for CML treatment (15). As CML is derived from the hematopoietic stem cells which harbor BCR-ABL oncogene, CML leukemia stem cells can also be studied in this model (15). In conclusion, this retroviral model system pro-... 

Crawley, J. N., Belknap, J. K., Collins, A., Crabbe, J. C., Frankel, W., et al. (1997) Behavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains implications and recommendations for molecular studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132, 107-124. 

Wahlsten, D., Cooper, S. F. and Crabbe, J. C. (2005) Different rankings of inbred mouse strains on the Morris maze and a refined 4-arm water escape task. Behav Brain Res 165, 36-51. 

Wahlsten, D., Bachmanov, A., Finn, D. A. and Crabbe, J. C. (2006) Stability of inbred mouse strain differences in behavior and brain size between laboratories and across decades. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 16364-16369. 

Different inbred mouse strains have been shown to strongly differ in their level of susceptibility to S. pyogenes infection (5). Thus, CBA and C3H/HeN have been reported to be very susceptible, whereas BALB/c and DBA/2 are much more resistant (5). The reader is encouraged to consult the relevant literature for details relating to the levels of susceptibility of different mouse strains to... 

The number of mice per group should be adequate to allow statistical analysis of the data. Because of the phenotypic uniformity, experimental infections using inbred mouse strains will require smaller number of animals to reach statistical significance than those employing outbred strains. 

Mice (see Notes 1 and 2) any variety of mice can be used. Pathogen-free CD1 and NMRI mice from either sex have also been commonly used. As mentioned above, we recommend the use of inbred mouse strains since they are genetically well defined and uniform providing the advantage of high reproducibility not available with standard outbred mouse strains. In addition, due to the phenotypic uniformity of an inbred mouse strain, the sample size can be smaller than when using outbred stocks. 

Autoimmune deficiency disease Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase receptor in humans and mice, respectively Acute promyelocytic leukemia All trans retinoic acid A member of the nuclear receptor family An inbred mouse strain An inbred mouse strain HIV receptor... 

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