Quantification in serum

Shackleton CHL, Kletke C, Wudy S, Pratt JH (1990) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate quantification in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and a deuterated internal standard a technique suitable for routine use or as a reference method. Steroids 55 472-478... 

Identification of noxious or toxic compounds and their quantification in serum and urine from emergency cases. 

Measurement of the serum concentrations of administered antibodies is a general tool to evaluate their persistence in circulation. This is usually performed by introducing a sufficient amount of the test antibody either by the intravenous or by the intraperi-toneal routes (see Note 3), in a quantity that can be easily detected and quantified in serum samples, even after a two log reduction in concentration. The antibody tracer can be labeled with radioisotope which permits direct quantification in serum samples. To minimize radioactive isotope use, we use an antibody tracer that is unmodified or labeled with biotin or other derivation chemistries, and then determine its serum concentrations by ELISA techniques. We commonly inject 100 xg of the test antibody in a 200 xl volume of phosphate-buffered saline into each mouse intraperitoneally (i.p.) (see Note 4). This amount can vary depending on the goals of the experiment and the sensitivity of the detection method. A minimum of five inbred mice, sex-matched and age-matched, at 8-16 weeks of age are recommended for each antibody to be tested. 

Choline bromide succinate, 998 Choline chloride, 466 Choline chloride carbamate, 427 Choline chloride succinate, 998 Choline citrate, 466 Choline dihydrogen citrate, 466 Choline salicylate, 965 Choline theophyllinate, 1011 Cholinesterase activity, assay kit, 1171 quantification in serum, 23 test for inhibition of, 6 Chondodendron tomentosum, 1057 Chromatographic performance, evaluation of, 189 Chromatography, adsorption, 204... 

ST93 Lianidou, E.S., Christopoulos, T.K. and Diamandis, E.P. (1990). Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB quantification in serum with time-resolved im-munofluorometry. Clin. Chem. 36, 1130, Abstr. 829. 

Methods to detect lewisite exposure have been focused on its main biotransformation product, CVAA. Initial methods were developed for environmental samples (Bossle et al., 1989). Methods for CVAA quantification in serum were described by Fowler et al. (1991), as well as Jakubowski et al. (1993). CVAA was derivatized with... 

A prototype bDNA assay was developed for quantification of HGV/GBV-C RNA in serum (Pessoa et al, 1997). The assay employed target probes based on the relatively conserved sequence in the 5 untranslated region of the HGV/GB V-C genome. Preamplifier molecules and incorporation of isoC and isoG into the sequences common to bDNA assays were used to enhance the analytical sensitivity. The provisional limit of detection was 32,500 genome equivalents/ml based on dilutions of a 700-nucleotide synthetic HGV/GBV-C RNA transcript. The run-to-run variance of the assay was <15%. 

Grace, P.B., Taylor, J.I., Bolting, N.P., et al. (2003). Quantification of isoflavones and lignans in serum using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 17, 1350-1357. 

Fig. 8 On-chip immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in serum samples. Fluorescein-labeled cortisol (Ag ) was used in a competitive assay for the detection of unlabeled analyte cortisol. Three replicate injections for each of three samples with cortisol levels as indicated in the figure. Fluorescein was used as an internal standard (I.S.). (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 32. Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society.)...

The absolute value of the IgG concentration in CSF depends on the IgG concentration in serum, blood-brain barrier function, age of the patient, volume of CSF extracted, and local IgG synthesis in the central nervous system. Older studies used the IgG/TP ratio or IgG/albumin CSF ratio to estimate intrathecal production of IgG in CNS. To achieve a quantification of IgG intrathecal production, an empirical Tourtelotte s formula derived from three sources was proposed ... 

A simple and sensitive capillary zone electrophoresis method with UV absorbance detection has been described for the quantification of ALP and its metabolite oxypurinol in aqueous solution. This method could be applied for analyzing these compounds in serum and ALP concentration in pharmaceutical preparations <2003JCH231, 2001ANA121, 2003JC(B)303>. 

Gjerde J, Kisanga ER, Hauglid M, Holm PI, Mellgren G, Lien EA (2005) Identification and quantification of tamoxifen and four metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1082 6-14... 

The method given for the quantification of cholinesterase activity in serum (p. 23) may also be applied to stomach contents. 

Organophosphorus compounds—inhibition of cholinesterase. To each of two tubes add 3 ml of dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid solution and 0.1 ml of 5% acetylthiocholine iodide solution to the first tube add 20 p,l of normal serum and to the second tube add 20 p,l of the sample serum and allow to stand for 2 minutes. Any significant difference in colour between the tubes is suggestive of the presence of an organophosphorus compound or other cholinesterase inhibitor. A method for the quantification of cholinesterase activity in serum is given on p. 23. 

Rapid gas chromatographic screening can be carried out using direct solvent extraction of small volumes of samples. Extractions are performed in small disposable test-tubes, and no transfer or evaporation of solvent is involved, so that drugs are not lost in the procedure. Accurate micro-pipetting and the use of internal standards enables quantification of drugs detected in serum or plasma samples. 

Quantification of Cholinesterase Activity in Serum Adjustthe temperature of 3 ml of dithiobisnitrobenz-oic acid solution to 25°, add 20 ll1 of the serum sample and 0.1 ml of a 5% solution of acetylthio-choline iodide, mix well, and record the absorbance of a 1-cm layer at 405 nm at 30-second intervals over a period of 2 minutes. If the change in absorbance exceeds 0.2 in 30 seconds, dilute the sample 1 in 10 with normal saline and repeat the measurements (the readings must then be multiplied by 10). The concentration of cholinesterase is calculated as follows ... 

Quantification. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In serum or urine allopurinol and oxypurinol, sensitivity 25 ng/ ml for allopurinol—C. Lartigue-Mattei et al., J. Chromat., 1982, 229 Biomed. Appl., 18, 211-216. 

Quantification. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. In serum or urine aminobenzoic acid and metabolites, UV detection—N. D. Brown and E. J. Michalski, J. Chromat., 1976, 121, 76-78. 

Quantification. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. In serum detection limits lOpg and 3 ng for fluorescence or UV detection, respectively—N. A. Farid, J. pharm. Sci., 1979, 68, 249-252. 

Quantification. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. In serum or cerebrospinal fluid sensitivity 20ng/ml, UV detection—I. Nilsson-Ehle et al., J. infect. Dis., 1977,135, 414-422. 

Quantification. Colorimetry. In serum sensitivity lOpg/ml— D. S. Arzneimittel-Forsch., 1974, 24, 747-751. 

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