Quality leaves

The efficiency for removal of liquid and solid suspended particles is 97-99%+when handling 15-micron particles and larger. For steam service, a typical case would be 90% quality entering steam with 99.9 percent quality leaving. 

Indigo carmine commonly consists of indigotindisulphonic acid or its sodium salt, which is sold as a moist paste or in blue balls or lozenges with reddish reflection. Indigotinmonosulphonic acid (iindigo purple) is little used. Pure indigo carmine is completely soluble in water, from which it is reprecipitated by addition of sodium chloride. Commercial carmines of low quality leave a more or less abundant greenish residue insoluble in water. 

An underground connection (a tunnel equipped with conveyer belts) had to be constructed in order not to disturb the tourist traffic by heavy trucks (Fig. 12.5). Special attention had to be paid to the wastewater quality leaving the tailings pond. Table 12.1 informs about the limits. 

LPC Product Quality. Table 10 gives approximate analyses of several LPC products. Amino acid analyses of LPC products have been pubhshed including those from alfalfa, wheat leaf, barley, and lupin (101) soybean, sugar beet, and tobacco (102) Pro-Xan LPC products (100,103) and for a variety of other crop plants (104,105). The composition of LPCs varies widely depending on the raw materials and processes used. Amino acid profiles are generally satisfactory except for low sulfur amino acid contents, ie, cystine and methionine. 

In general, nonconventional protein foods must be competitive with conventional plant and animal protein sources on the bases of cost delivered to the consumer, nutritional value to humans or animals, functional value in foods, sensory quality, and social and cultural acceptability. Also, requirements of regulatory agencies in different countries for freedom from toxins or toxic residues in single-cell protein products, toxic glycosides in leaf protein products, pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals and toxins in fish protein concentrates, or inhibitory or toxic peptide components in synthetic peptides must be met before new nonconventional food or feed protein products can be marketed. 

Plucking cycles should correspond to flush development, which is regulated by climatic factors. If too short, they represent inefficient use of labor. If too long, older leaf accumulates, which should be removed so as not to diminish productivity or quality. On most tea estates, plucking labor represents half of the employed staff. A single worker will usually pluck 20 to 25 kg of fresh leaf per day. 

Although theafiavin content is considered to be an important criterion of black tea quality, it does not exceed 2% of final product (diy leaf) weight... 

It is desirable to prevent leaf temperature from rising above 35°C during the maceration process to preserve quality. 

Several plant parameters are important to the design of ET landfill covers. Among the most important are parameters describing rooting depth, leaf-area-index (LAI), temperature requirements, time to maturity, and water requirements. Models that are suitable for use in design of ET covers will utilize these parameters. The quality of the plant model controls the quality of AET estimates. 

The Louis Bolk Instituut conducted an experiment to compare this modem cultivation system with biodynamic cultivation. The purpose of the experiment was further to develop organic standards and quality standards (Lammerts van Bueren and Hospers, 1991). Leaf lettuce of the same variety was sown on the same date in the two different growing situations. 

Schultz J C and Baldwin IT (1982), Oak leaf quality declines in response to defoliation by gypsy moth larvae , Science, 217, 149-50. 

Loncarevic, S., Johannessen, G.S. and Rorvik, L.M. (2005) Bacteriological quality of organically grown leaf lettuce in Norway . Letters in Applied Microbiology, 41, 186-189. 

The problem of classification is related to the occurrence of a large number of species wide spread throughout the world, mainly in the tropics, and to the difficulty of obtaining a quantity of plant parts of adequate quality sufficient for complete botanical investigation. In addition, some species exhibit local variation in some characters (leaf, inflorescence, flower), whereas others (fruit) remain constant. This led in the past and recent years to improper classification or to different and controversial classifications of the same plant. 

Byers, M. "Leaf Protein Its Agronomy, Preparation, Quality and Use" Pirier, N. W., Ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford, 1971. 

Terrestrial BMOs have also been widely used for monitoring environmental contaminants. In particular, the lipid-like waxy cuticle layer of various types of plant leaves has been used to monitor residues of HOCs in the atmosphere. However, some of the problems associated with aquatic BMOs apply to terrestrial BMOs as well. For example, Bohme et al. (1999) found that the concentrations of HOCs with log KoaS < 9 (i.e., those compounds that should have attained equilibrium) varied by as much as 37-fold in plant species, after normalization of residue concentrations to levels in ryegrass (Lolium spp.). These authors suggested that differences in cuticular wax composition (quality) were responsible for this deviation from equilibrium partition theory. Other characteristics of plant leaves may affect the amount of kinetically-limited and particle-bound HOCs sampled by plant leaves but to a lesser extent (i.e., <4-fold), these include age, surface area, topography of the surface, and leaf orientation. 

As the cotton becomes poorer in quality, the gram-negative bacterial counts and the endotoxin levels increase markedly in the raw cotton, the hand cleaned fiber, and the leaf-like trash and seed trash that were removed from it (16). Tinged grades of cotton reach gram-negative microorganism counts of at least 150-160 million cfu/g. 

Emberger and ITopp and Werkhoff and ITopp reported that there are significant sensory differences between the eight menthol and the four menthone enantiomers. (5)(-)-7-Hydroxy-6, 7-dihydrocitronellal has a lily-of-the-valley odor, while the odor of its enantiomer is weaker and has green, leaf like and minty notes.The enantiomers of cis- and trans-Tose oxide have closely similar odors with slight but detectable quality differences. ... 

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