Pyrolysis oils applications

Czemik, S., Bridgwater, A.V., Overview of application of biomass fast pyrolysis oil, Energy Fuels, 2004, 18, 590. 

Figure 19.1 Application of pyrolysis oil [6], (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier)...

Table 26.9 shows the properties of pyrolysis oil and distilled oils. The pyrolysis oil is the fully condensed oil before distillation. The distillation characteristics of product oils are shown in Fignre 26.14. Figure 26.15 shows the carbon number distribution (NP gram) of the pyrolysis oil and distilled oils. Table 26.10 shows the standard specifications TS Z 0025, that will apply to the waste plastics pyrolysis oils in energy recovery applications, effective in 2005 in Japan. The analysis results shown in Table 26.9 indicate that all distilled oils satisfy the specifications of Table 26.10. 

Krumdiek, S,P, and Daily, J,W., Evaluating the Feasibility Of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil for Spray Combustion Applications, Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 134, pp. 351-365, 1998. 

In Austria the market for biofuels is established. Wood pellets, wood chips from forestry and sawmill residues have quite stable prices depending on supply and demand. The Price for pyrolysis oil is assumed to be the production cost calculated according (6). The price and the transport cost of the fuels used for the applications in this paper are listed in Table 3. The transport costs are calculated with a fixed and a variable con onent. The calculation is based on transportation by truck from the site of production to the site of use (storage of the biomass plant). 

Of the pyrolysis liquid applications considered, technically closest to feasibility is to use pyrolysis liquid in existing boilers designed for heavy el oil [6]. This appli-... 

Oasmaa, A. et al. (1997). Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids. Application of standard fuel oil analyses. Gasification and pyrolysis of biomass. An international conference, Stuttgart, 9-11 April, 1997. 

Oasmaa A., Leppamaki E., Koponen P, Levander J., Tapola E. (1997). Physical Characterisation of Biomass-Based Pyrolysis Liquids Application of Standard Fuel Oil Analyses . VTT Energy Publication 306. 

Based on data from literature, CCA-treated wood should be pyrolyzed at low temperature from the point of safety disposal [8]. However, the results of the present study indicate that a lower temperature and longer pyrolysis led to higher concentrations of arsenic in pyrolysis oil. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimum conditions for pyrolysis wnth respect to minimizing the concentration of arsenic in oil is 450 °C and 80 s. The application of fast pyrolysis for the treatmem of CCA-treated wood seems to be advantageous because of the minimum secondary reactions and maximum retention of amenic in charcoal. 

At VTT, the following issues are addressed in the present study pyrolysis of solid biomass [3, 4], hot vapour filtration, pyrolysis oil quality [5] and fuel oil specifications [6], storage and handling properties of pyrolysis oil, boiler applications [7], and techno-economic assessment of pyrolysis systems [8]. A considerable amount of work... 

CEB is produced by reacting biomass fast pyrolysis oil with CaO. The desulphurization technology is applicable both for coal and for heavy fuel oil fired combustion chambers. The installed coaUflied power station capacity in Europe approximates... 

Pyrolysis oils are Newtonian liquids (5) and hence, kinematic viscosity is applicable, liie viscosity results at 20 and 40 were very consistent. The smaller standard deviation at 40 °C is logical because of the high temperature dependency of pyrolysis oils. Consequently, it was also suggested for the convenience of die end-useis to detemmie the viscosity at two temperatures, i.e. 20 and 40 C. 

Kinematic viscosity is applicable to pyrolysis oils because of its accuracy and Newtonian behaviour of pyrolysis oils. However, method caUbration should be taken care of. 

Pyrolysis can be used for the thermal decomposition of waste materials that are predominantly organic in nature, e.g. scrap tyres, scrap cables, waste plastics, shredder wastes, and acid sludge. Rotary kilns are particularly suitable as universally applicable pyrolysis units for continuous operation. Highly aromatic pyrolysis oils for use as chemical raw materials are obtained at reactor temperatures of about 700 °G. Such pyrolysis oils could form the basis for the production of aromatics such as benzene, naphthalene, and their homologues, thermoplastic hydrocarbon resins and precursors of industrial carbon, when the proven processes for the refining of coal tar and crude benzene are applied. 

The pyrolysis oils are separated from the quench and scrubber oils in the distilation units K 4- and K 7/8 they can be further refined into chemical raw materials by the application of processes used in upgrading coal tar and coke oven benzene. 

Many biomass pyrolysis processes convert 55%-65% of dry biomass to a very inexpensive pyrolysis oil (1-3). Costs of the oils will range from 0.02- 0.08/lb of oil, depending on the biomass feedstock cost ( 10- 40/dry ton biomass). Therefore, these inexpensive oils, rich in phenolic fractions, acids, and furan-derivatives could be feedstocks for further upgrading or could be used because of their reactivity, in applications such as thermosetting resins and other wood-bonding methods. One of the... 

The hydrocarbon ("oil") fraction of a coal pyrolysis tar prepared by open column liquid chromatography (LC) was separated into 16 subfractions by a second LC procedure. Low voltage mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and proton (PMR) as well as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (CMR) were performed on the first 13 subfractions. Computerized multivariate analysis procedures such as factor analysis followed by canonical correlation techniques were used to extract the overlapping information from the analytical data. Subsequent evaluation of the integrated analytical data revealed chemical information which could not have been obtained readily from the individual spectroscopic techniques. The approach described is generally applicable to multisource analytical data on pyrolysis oils and other complex mixtures. 

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