Fast pyrolysis of biomass

Research activities in the area of fast pyrolysis of biomass started toward the end of the 1970s of past century. A thorough overview of the basic principles and actual state of the art is given by Meier,96 Bridgwater and Peacocke,97 and Mohan et al.98... 

Another approach to produce chemicals via degraded molecules is the fast pyrolysis of biomass at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This gives gas, tar and up to 80 wt.% of a so-called bio-oil liquid phase, which is a mixture of hundreds molecules. Some of compounds produced by pyrolysis have been identified as fragments of the basic components of biomass, viz. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The bio-oil composition depends upon the nature of starting... 

Scott, D.S., Majerski, P., Piskorz, J., Radlein, D., A second look at fast pyrolysis of biomass - the RTI process,... 

Gercel, H.F. 2002. The effect of a sweeping gas flow rate on the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Energy Sources 24 633-642. 

Li, S., Xu, S., Liu, S., Yang, C., Lu, Q. 2004. Fast pyrolysis of biomass in free-fall reactor for hydrogen-rich gas. Fuel Proc Technol 85 1201-1211. 

Shafizadeh F., In Proceedings of the Specialists Workshop on Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass, SERI/CP-622-1096, (1980). 

The desired primary liquid products of biomass pyrolysis react readily in secondary cracking reactions, shifting the product yield from liquids to gases. Those cracking reactions are assisted by contact of the volatiles to the remaining solids, which can be reduced significantly by running the fast pyrolysis in a reaction cyclone [79, 80]. A simplified flow sheet of such a laboratory plant for the fast pyrolysis of biomass is shown in Fig. 15.9. 

Proceedings-Specialists Workshop on Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass, Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden,Colo., 1980. 12.1atrides, B. and G.R. Gavalas, I.E.C. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 127. 

Bridgwater AV, editor. Fast pyrolysis of biomass a handbook. Newbury, United Kingdom CPL Press 2002. Vol. 2. 

Bridgwater AV. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy. 2011 38 68-94. 

Bridgwater AV. An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Org Geochem. 1999 30 1479-93. 

Bridgwater, A. E., Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Vol. 2 A Handbook. CPL Scientific, Newbury, Berks, 2002. 

Czemik, S., Scahill, J., and Diebold, J., The production of liquid fuel by fast pyrolysis of biomass. J Solar Energy Eng-Trans ASME 1995, 117 (1), 2-6. 

Radlein, D., The production of chemicals from fast pyrolysis bio-oils. In Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass A Handbook, Bridgwater, A., Ed. CPL Press Newbury, UK, 1999 pp. 164-188. 

Fast pyrolysis of biomass provides a method for the production of phenolics that has the potential to replace at least 50% or more of the phenol in phenol-formaldehyde thermosetting resins. The gel tests indicate that the P/N fractions from pine sawdust pyrolysis with paraformaldehyde have shorter gel times than commercial plywood resins such as Cascophen 313, even without prepolymer formation. A novolak formulation has been prepared using 1 1 by volume of phenol and P/N fraction and about half of the amount of formaldehyde that would be used than if phenol alone were employed. Very promising resols have also been made with a similar substitution of the P/N fraction for phenol. Wood testing and resin formulation development are ongoing activities. The projected economics suggest that additional research and development of this process are fully warranted. 

Bridgwater A.V. (1999) An Introduction to Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for fuels and Chemicals. In Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass a Handbook, pp. 1-13. CPL Scientific Publishing Services Ltd. Newbury, UK, 1999. 

Table 3 Degradation products of fast pyrolysis of biomass constituents (12)...

Diebold JP and Bridgwater AV, Overview of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for the production of Liquid Fuels", pp 5-26, Developments in Thetmochemical Biomass Conversion, Bridgwater, AV and Boocock, DGB (Eds.) (Blackie Academic ... 

Piskorz J, Scott D, Radlein D, Mechanisms of the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Comments on Some Sources of Confusion , presented at Frontiers of Pyrolysis Biomass Conversion and Polymer Recycling Conference, Breckenridge, 1995, included in written form in Minutes of the 2 PYRA Meeting, La Coruna, 1995. Narayan R, Antal MJ Jr, Thermal Lag, Fusion and the Compensation Effect during Biomass Pyrolysis", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, pp.l71 M721. 1996. 

Radlein D, The Production of Chemicals from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils , Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass A Handbook, A. Bridgwater et al. ppl64, CPL 1999. 

Lede J. (1994) Reaction Temperature of Solid Particules Undergoing an Endothermal Volatilization, Application to the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy, 7, 49-60. 

Lede, J., (1994) Reaction ten erature of solid particles undergoing an endothermal volatilization. Application to the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol.7, No.l, 49-60... 

Scott D.S., Legge R.L., Piskorz J., Majerski F., Radlein D. (1997) Fast pyrolysis of biomass for recovery of specialty chemicals. In Developments in Tltennachemical Biomass Conversion (Ed. by A.V.Bridgwater, D.G.B.Boocock), 1, pp. 523-535. Blackie Academic and Professional. 

Boukis I (1997) Fast pyrolysis of biomass in a circulating fluidised bed reactor. PhD thesis, Aston University. 

CFD for the Modelling of Entrainment in Fluidised Bed Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass... 

---