Publications scientific papers

Fig-1 Number of publications (scientific papers and patents) in the field of neodymium-catalyzed polymerization in the period 1965 to 2004 (SciFinder Scholar inquiry in December/2005 research topic neodymium polymerization )... 

In this chapter, we have compiled scientific papers, patent applications and other publicly available information related to large-scale use/commercial applications of ruthenium and palladium NHC complexes. It is not meant to be comprehensive with respect to all applications used to date due to the difficulty met when collecting information. However, this chapter provides a taste of what is currently done on what scale. 

The dissemination of information to the scientific commimity is essential for the progress of research. Publications in scientific journals provide a key source of information. In the case of medical research, patients lives may be at stake. There are other reasons for publication. Publication will provide prestige to the investigator, to the sponsor and to the institutions involved in the research. In addition, in some circumstances the published paper will be quoted in reference dictionaries and pharmacopoeia, in advertisements and other promotions. The pharmaceutical physician should take every opportunity to publish high-quality scientific papers, even if the findings are not sensational but provide useful additional information. 

Gibbs9 J.W. The Scientific Papers of J.Villard Gibbs Dover Publications, New York, 1961. 

One reason is that firms who want to employ the new technology cannot merely invest in basic research. Cockburn and Henderson (1998) emphasize that it is also important for the firm to be actively connected to the wider scientific community (p. 158). They developed the concept of connectedness, as measured by the extent of collaboration in writing scientific papers across institutional boundaries, and conclude that firms wishing to public sector research must do more than simply invest in in-house basic research they must also actively collaborate with their public sector colleagues. The extent of this collaboration... is positively related to private sector research productivity (p. 180). The process by which firms acquire this new technology is not simple or direct, nor obtained without cost. 

Not surprisingly, many of the structural architectures presented in this chapter are either key intermediates for compounds with significant and useful biological activities or are themselves biologically active. Thus, there is a vast number of publications in the patent literature which contain the important heterocyclic systems presented in this chapter. Presented here, together with some highlights from scientific papers are some illustrative examples. 

Rayleigh, Lord (1879). Investigations in optics, with special reference to the spectroscope. Phil. Mag. VIII, 261-74. [Reprinted in Scientific papers by Lord Rayleigh, Vol. Ill Cambridge University Press, (1902) and Dover Publications, New York (1964).] [27]... 

Consequently, our work and this novel process are rigorously justified in both theory and experiment, but the principles and phenomenology are still not incorporated in the classical electrodynamics theory utilized to design and produce electrical power systems. These principles are indeed included in the new 0(3) electrodynamics being developed by AIAS (Alpha Institute for Advanced Study)14 that extends the present U(l) electrodynamics model, as shown by some 100 scientific papers carried by the U.S. Department of Energy on one of its private scientific Websites in Advanced Electrodynamics, and by an increasing number of publications in leading journals such as Foundations of Physics, Physica Scripta, and Optik. 

Pons and Fleischman had not submitted a scientific paper about their discovery at the time of their press conference, so it was very hard for other scientists to judge the claims, but as details began to leak out, there was skepticism in the nuclear physics community, even as many other scientists and the public at large were greatly enthusiastic. 

Perhaps even more to the point is that the principal alternative to nuclear power is coal burning, which causes hundreds oftimes as many deaths owing to its air pollution alone in generating the same amount of electricity.11 Every time a coal-burning plant is built instead of a nuclear plant, about one thousan d extra innocent people are condemned to an early death, and this estimate applies even if the nuclear risks are those proposed by the antinuclear UCS. All the calculations leading to the above conclusions were published in prestigious scientific journals and never criticized in other published scientific papers (or elsewhere as far as I know). But none of this material was ever transmitted to the public by the mass media. Likewise it was never explained to the public that radiation doses from nuclear power are very much smaller than doses from natural radioactivity to which everyone is exposed (and which varies substantially with geography), and very much smaller than doses from medical X rays. 

The amount of information in scientific papers is generally less than is needed to establish effectively the methods described within them. There are some exceptions to this statement, but these depend initially on how the author wishes to describe the method and how the paper is reviewed before being accepted by the journal. Some methods may only have a relatively small number of samples analyzed on 1 or 2 days before publication of the manuscript. In contrast, other methods may have examined several thousand samples before the manuscript is written and submitted. The methods in the former case have virtually no robustness data and knowledge of operation compared with the latter. Some analysts develop more complex methods that are necessary to demonstrate their scientific expertise at the expense of their colleagues. 

FIGURE 22.1 Number of scientific papers and patents published on the topic as a function of publication year (2005 until June). (From SciFinder Scholar, 2004 keywords entered vaginal drug delivery systems.)... 

The IPR people will provide advice on what may be said in public about a company s products and processes, i.e. in papers presented at external symposia by R D personnel. They will also advise on the use of trade names and marks in scientific papers and other such publications. 

It should be clear from this list of prior art that it is possible for a company s employees to accidentally disclose information, which can be cited later against its own patent. It is imperative that discussions on the nature of the invention do not take place in public before the application has been filed. Disclosures which must not be made include the presentation of papers at public conferences, scientific papers in journals or press releases. Additionally products covered by composition of matter patents must not be offered for sale or test or disclosed in sales literature. For process patents, products made by a new process must not be offered for sale until after the filing date. Similarly, new application methods for a product must not be used commercially until that date. It should also be remembered that there are no international boundaries disclosure in one country can bar a company from getting a patent later in another country. However, the USA disregards foreign unpublished knowledge and foreign public use. 

This chapter presents guidelines for preparing the tables that accompany a scientific paper for publication. Tables are handled in many ways like figures, so this chapter focuses on the ways in which tables are different and briefly discusses the preparation of tables using wordprocessing programs. 

Niven, W.D. The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. Volume I. Dover Publications, Inc., New York. 1965. 

Intemationsd Catalogue of Scientific Literature, by Royal Society of London. This publication, a continuation of Catalog of Scientific Papers, is divided into 17 sections, chemistry being D. The first volume for chemistry lists 116 periodicals, which increased to 417 in the fourteenth volume. The total of journals for 1903-04 contains 5546 entries. 

These patent components are similar to corresponding sections of scientific papers. The section devoted to the description of specific examples or embodiments can very well be identical for the two types of publication. 

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