Puberty estrogen

Estradiol is secreted by the ovaries and promotes the development of the secondary female characteristics that appear at the onset of puberty. Estrogens also stimulate the development of the mammary glands during pregnancy and induce estrus (heat) in animals. 

Estrogens coordinate the systemic response during the ovulatory cycle, including the growth and maintenance of the reproductive tract, pituitary, breasts, and other tissues. Estrogens are also responsible for maturation of the skeleton and development of female secondary sex characteristics when females enter puberty. The other important functions of estrogens include modulation of many metaboHc processes (76). 

CYP17 is the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17-20 lyase, two different reactions catalyzed by one enzyme and required for production of testosterone and estrogen, respectively. Defects in this enzyme affect development at puberty. 

The estrogens are secreted by the ovarian follicle and in smaller amounts by the adrenal cortex. Estrogens are important in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and the primary and secondary sex characteristics. At puberty, they promote growth and development of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and breasts. They also affect the release of pituitary gonadotropins (see Chap. 50). 

ATANASSOVA N, MCKINNELL C, TURNER K J, WALKER M, FISHER J S, MORLEY M, MILLAR M R, GROOME N p, SHARPE R M (2000) Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent and weak (environmental) estrogens on spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogen lew eh,. Endocrinology. 141 3898-907. 

Normal prenatal and postnatal ovarian development, with multiple nonovulatory hemorrhagic follicles as an adult, 30-40% incidence of ovarian cancer in 18 months Normal prenatal development, but insensitive to the development promoted by estrogens during puberty. Sensitive to progesterone and prolactin. 

The physiological functions of the ER subtypes have been characterised in mice lacking the ERa, the ER/1, or both receptors [11]. Disruption of the ERo resulted in infertility of both male and female mice and inhibited the outgrowth of the mammary duct during puberty, whereas disruption of the ER/1 had no effect on fertihty and mammary gland development [ 17]. A number of ERo and ER/1 isoforms have also been described, many of which alter estrogen-mediated gene expression [18]. 

Lactation Estrogens have been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of breast milk and may be excreted in breast milk. Administer only when clearly needed. Children Estrogen therapy has been used for the induction of puberty in adolescents with some forms of pubertal delay. Safety and efficacy in children have not otherwise been established. 

B. Indications and use Lupron Injection, Lupron Depot, Lupron Depot-3 Month, and Lupron Depot-4 Month are indicated in the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. These products offer an alternative treatment when orchiectomy or estrogen administration is either not indicated or unacceptable to the patient. Lupron Injection Pediatric and Lupron Depot-PED are indicated in the treatment of children with central precocious puberty. Lupron Depot and Lupron Depot-3 Month are indicated for the management of endometriosis, including pain relief and reduction of endometriotic lesions. 

Sex hormones control tissue growth and reproduction. Male sex hormones are testosterone and Sa-dibydrotestosterone, also known as androgens, which are secreted by the testes. The primary male hormone, testosterone, is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. They also promote muscle growth. The two most important female sex hormones are oestradiol and oestrone, also known as oestrogem estrogens). They are responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics. 

Occasionally, children are exposed unknowingly to estrogens. Precocious puberty has been observed in young girls after contact with hair lotions and other products containing estrogenic compounds (SED-12,1032) (202,203). 

Transdermal absorption of estrogen can lead to pseudo-precocious puberty in young girls, and to symptoms in young boys and adult men such as gynecomastia, loss of libido, impotence, and galactorrhea (229-231). 

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