Ovarian development

The Diptera regulate ovarian development in a different manner than do cockroaches and beetles. Whereas in most insects JH directly stimulates the fat body... 

The evidence for 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulating sex pheromone production in the housefly comes from both direct and indirect studies. A correlation was found between ovarian development and sex pheromone production in female flies [236,237]. Surgical removal of ovaries immediately after adult emergence resulted in no sex pheromone production, whereas allatectomized (which removes the source of JH production) females produced the same amount of pheromone as did normal females [238,239]. Additionally, ovariectomized females that received ovary implants produced sex pheromone [238]. These data demonstrate that 20-hydroxyecdysone and not JH regulates pheromone production in the housefly [111]. 

Larva Inhibits worker ovarian development Ten component blend of brood pheromone methyl ethyl palmitate 78 79, stearate 80 81, oleate 56 90,linoleate 82 83, linolenate 84 84a, specifically ethyl palmitate methyl linolenate [121,122]... 

Experimentally produced zinc deficiency in toad (Bufo arenarum) embryos resulted in adults with abnormal ovarian development, altered meiotic and ovulation processes, and embryos with a high incidence of congenital malformations (Herkovits et al. 1989). 

Johnson, L.L., D. Misitano, S.Y. Sol, G.M. Nelson, B. French, G.M. Ylitalo, and T. Horn. 1998. Contaminant effects on ovarian development and spawning success in rock sole from Puget Sound, Washington. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 127 375-392. 

Normal prenatal and postnatal ovarian development, with multiple nonovulatory hemorrhagic follicles as an adult, 30-40% incidence of ovarian cancer in 18 months Normal prenatal development, but insensitive to the development promoted by estrogens during puberty. Sensitive to progesterone and prolactin. 

From these studies, some patterns of effect potentially mediated by the endocrine system have been observed. These include the accumulation of vitellogenin in ticks [50-52] and accelerated ovarian development in beetles and ticks [51, 53]. Different researchers have attributed these effects to a range of different mechanisms, including induced excitation of neurosecretory cells releasing juvenile hormone [50], and ecdysteroid disruption either by blocking the neuropeptide itself or at the epidermal site of synthesis [51]. Other researchers have not corroborated these results and have even found contradictory effects, e.g., suppressed ovarian development [52], Therefore at present for SPs, there is no clear evidence for adverse population-relevant effects with an underlying endocrine mode of action. 

Chinzei Y, Okuda T, Ando K (1989) Vitellogenin synthesis and ovarian development in nymphal and newly emerged adult female Ornithodoris moubata (Acari Argasidae). J Med Entomol 26 30-36... 

Kono Y, Ozeki N (1987) Induction of ovarian development by juvenile hormone and pyrethroids in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera Coccinellidae). Appl Entomol Zool 22 68-76... 

Gonadotropins are used to treat infertility in women with potentially functional ovaries who have not responded to other treatments. The therapy is designed to simulate the normal menstrual cycle as far as is practical. A common protocol is daily injections of menotropins for 9 to 12 days, until estradiol levels are equal to that in a normal woman, followed by a single dose of hCG to induce ovulation. Two problems with this treatment are risks of ovarian hyperstimulation and of multiple births. Ovarian hyperstimulation is characterized by sudden ovarian enlargement associated with an increase in vascular permeability and rapid accumulation of fluid in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. To prevent such occurrences, ovarian development is monitored during treatment by ultrasound techniques and by measurements of serum levels of estradiol. 

Failure of Ovarian Development. Occasionally, the ovaries fail to undergo normal development because of hypopituitarism or other disorders. Estrogens may be given at the time of puberty to encourage development of secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development). 

Dillwith J. W., Adams T. S. and Blomquist G. J. (1983) Correlation of housefly sex pheromone production with ovarian development. J. Insect Physiol. 29, 377-386. 

The sexual dimorphism of cuticular hydrocarbons is completed during the first three days after imaginal eclosion. During the same period, important physiological events take place, female oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. A number of mutations have been described which affect ovarian development or endocrine control. These mutants were used to elucidate a possible hormone control mechanism used to regulate hydrocarbon biosynthesis. 

Bonavita-Cougourdan, A., Theraulaz, G., Bagneres, A.-G., Roux, M Pratte, M Provost, E. and Clement, J.-L. (1991). Cuticular hydrocarbons, social organization and ovarian development in a polistine wasp Polistes dominulus Christ. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 100B, 667-680. 

The endocrine regulation of sex pheromone production in a laboratory strain of the housefly has been summarized (Blomquist, 2003). Because housefly sex pheromone production was correlated with ovarian development, it was possible that both oogenesis and (Z)-9-tricosene synthesis were regulated by a common hormone. Such a common factor was found in cockroaches and beetles, where juvenile hormone (JH) induces both vitellogenesis and sex pheromone production. 

Trabalon, M Pourie, G. and Hartmann, N. (1998). Relationships among cannibalism, contact signals, ovarian development and ecdysteroid levels in Tegenaria atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 28,751-758. 

Active WNT-4 signalling is needed for normal ovarian development (Vainio et al., 1999 Biason-Lauber et al., 2004). 

Queen Substance. The queens of many hymenopterous species release primer pheromones in the colonial milieu and these compounds strongly influence the reproductive or endocrine systems of the workers. Butler et al. (139) identified ( )-9-oxo-2-decenoic as the compound that inhibits both ovarian development in workers (140) and queen cell construction (141). The queen substance of the Oriental hornet has been identified as 6-hexadecalactone (XXXVII) (142). 

---