Prenatal development

Developmental Toxicity—The occurrence of adverse effects on the developing organism that may result from exposure to a chemical prior to conception (either parent), during prenatal development, or postnatally to the time of sexual maturation. Adverse developmental effects may be detected at any point in the life span of the organism. 

TAYLOR H, QUINTERO E M, lAcopiNO A M, LEPHART E D (1999) Phytoestrogeus alter hypothalamic calhindin-D28k levels during prenatal development . Brain Res Develop Brain Res. 114 277-81. 

Garrosa M., Gayoso M.J. and Esteban F.J. (1998). Prenatal development of the mammalian vomeronasal organ. Microsc Res Tech 41, 456-470. 

Schaal B., Orgeur P. and Rognon C. (1995). Odor sensing in the human fetus anatomical, functional and chemo-ecological bases. In Prenatal Development Psychobiological Perspectives (Krasnegor N.A., Fifer W.A. and Smotherman W.P., eds.). L. Erlbaum Ass, Hillsdale, N.J. 

Zingeser M.R. (1984). The nasopalatine ducts and associated structures in the rb monkey (Macaca mulatto) — topography, prenatal development, function phylogeny. Am J Anat 170, 581-595. 

Chernoff, N., R.W. Setzer, D.B. Miller, M.B. Rosen, and J.M. Rogers. 1990. Effects of chemically induced maternal toxicity on prenatal development in the rat. Teratology 42 651-658. 

Holson, J.F., J.M. DeSesso, A.R. Scialli, and C.F. Farr. 1998. Inorganic arsenic and prenatal development a comprehensive evaluation for human risk assessment. SEGH 3rd Inter. Conf. Arsenic Expos. Health Effects 23. 

Not lethal Both sexes infertile Normal RE-/ expression Normal prenatal development of reproductive tract, insensitive to estrogens and antiestrogens... 

Normal prenatal and postnatal ovarian development, with multiple nonovulatory hemorrhagic follicles as an adult, 30-40% incidence of ovarian cancer in 18 months Normal prenatal development, but insensitive to the development promoted by estrogens during puberty. Sensitive to progesterone and prolactin. 

Schaal, B. (2005). From amnion to colostrum to milk odor bridging in early developmental transitions. In B. Hopkins and S. P. Johnson (Eds.), Prenatal development of postnatal functions. Praeger, London, pp. 51-102. 

Frakes, R.A., R.P.Sharma, C.C.Willhite, and G.Gomex. 1986. Effect of cyanogenic glycosides and protein content in cassava diets on hamster prenatal development. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 7 191-198. 

Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs auditory and visual attention, and this impairment is gender specific. When smoker or nonsmoker adolescents with or without prenatal exposure to maternal smoking were tested for auditory and visual-selective and divided attention, females exposed to tobacco smoke during adolescence or prenatal development showed reduced performance accuracy. Among males, marked deficits were observed in auditory attention (Jacobsen et al. 2007). 

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