Pteridium aquilinum Bracken

Ptaquiloside (= Pterosin Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) DNA alkylation breakage ... 

Glucuronomannans. Most glucuronomaimans occur as components of certain plant gums and are characterized by the presence of an 0-(P -D-glucurono-pyranosyl)-(1 2)-D-maimopyranosyl linkage ia the molecule (65). Less complex glucuronomaimans are found in the tissues of bracken Pteridium aquilinum) and in tobacco leaf cells where they may be part of the cultured cell wall (132) and exude into the medium in which the cells are grown (133). 

The toxic properties of Pteridium aquilinum L., the common bracken fern, have been known to humankind for a very long time. Two principal causes of trouble are its carcinogenic properties (M. Saito et al., 1975 I. A. Evans, 1976 Hirono, 1986)... 

Fenwick, G. R. 1988. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Toxic effects and toxic constituents. J. Sci. Pood Agile. 46 147-173. 

Niwa, H., Ojika, M., Wakamatsu, K., Yamada, K., Hirono, 1. and Matsushita, K. 1983. Ptaqui-loside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. Tetrahedron lett. 24 4117-4120. 

Salto, M., Umeda, M., Enomoto, M., Hatanaka, Y., Natori, S., Yoshlhlra, K., Fukuoka, M. and Kuroyanagl, M. 1975. Cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of pterosins and pterosides, 1-indanone derivatives and bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum). Experientia 31 824-831. 

Pterolactam (48) was isolated from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn), a fern belonging to a monotypic genus (86). Its IR spectrum strongly resembles the IR spectrum of 2-pyrrolidone the structure of 48 was established by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. It is interesting to note that 48 possesses a weak but definitive optical rotation ([a]D —2.0°). 

Tyson, M.J., Sheffield, E., and Callaghan, T.V., 1999, Uptake, allocation, accumulation and ecological implications of Sr in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn). J. Environ. Radioac. 46 15-25. 

A great deal of natural variability often is present in a fungal population. Webb and Lindov ( ) found isolates of Ascochvta Dteridis (Bres.) Sacc. from bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) to vary in virulence, spore production, and tolerance to desiccation. Isolates of biocontrol fungi are routinely screened for desired characteristics such as increased virulence, abundant spore production, and environmental tolerance (1 ,. ... 

A brief report records the incorporation of 2-trans-FFP, biosynthesized by a prenyltransferase preparation from (4i )-[4- Hi,2- C]MVA, into germacrene D in seeds of Kadsura japonicaf The incorporation of [2- C]MVA into pterosides of Japanese bracken Pteridium aquilinum was maximal (0.7%) in early summer the route shown in Scheme 13 was proposed and requires that acetic acid produced by... 

Jones, C. G. Chemical content and insect resistance of bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn]". Doctoral Thesis, University of York. England. 1977. 

Watrud, L.S., Maggard, S., Shiroyama, T., Coleman, C.G., Johnson, M.G., Donegan, K.K., Di Giovanni, G., Porteous, L.A., Lee, E.H., 2003. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L.) frond biomass and rhizosphere microbial community characteristics are correlated to edaphic factors. Plant Soil 249, 359-371. 

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Cosmopolitan fern occurring everywhere except for polar and extreme drought regions and in temperate South America. The entire plant is toxic and cancerogenic. 

The bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum, has been shown... 

Thiaminase is present in bracken Pteridium aquilinum), and thiamin deficienq symptoms have been reported in horses consiuning this material. Raw fish also contains the enzyme, which destroys the thiamin in foods with which the fish is mixed. The activity of the thiaminase is, however, destroyed by cooking. 

Pamukcu, A.M., Yalciner, S., Hatcher, J.F. and Bryan, G.T. (1980). Quercetin, a rat intestinal and bladder carcinogen present in bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Cancer Res. 40, 3468-3472. 

Ptaquiloside is an instable glucoside present in the widely distributed bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Under alkaline conditions, it is converted in a conjugated diene-one which is readily added to various nucleophilic compounds. Therefore, it has a carcinogenic potency [9]. 

The major challenge involved in establishing credibility for the phenomenon of allelopathy is the sheer number and variety of experiments and bioassays that must be performed. Whenever allelopathy is suspected, it is always important to eliminate the obvious alternate explanations before embarking on months, possibly years, of laboratory chemical work and field tests. An early classic paper, entitled The Allelopathic Mechanisms of Dominance in Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Southern California, that remains a model for this process is Gliessman and Muller (1978). The authors systematically eliminate the various factors that could account for interference by bracken on the growth of associated plants, and then proceed to make the case for allelopathy. 

The reversal of the inhibitory action of asulam on wheat, wild oats, and carrots by exogenous applications of folic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid has been demonstrated by a number of investigators. The antagonism of asulam by 2.4-D on bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn] appeared to be linked to an interaction of the two herbicides on protein synthesis rather than the biosynthesis of folic acid. ... 

Low phytotoxicity of herbicide and surfactants will be of greatest importance in regard to the efficient target site delivery of foliage-applied systemic herbicides such as asulam or glyphosate. These polar herbicides are useful in the control of perennial rhizomatous weeds such as bracken [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Khun.] in which the target site exists in the buds associated with the underground rhizome system. ... 

Ojika, M., K. Wakamatsu, H. Niwa, K. Yamada and I. Hirono Isolation and Structures of Two New p-Hydroxystyrene Glycosides, Ptelatoside-A and Ptelatoside-B from Bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, and Synthesis of Ptelatoside-A. Chemistry Letters 1984, 397. 

Fukuoka, M., M. Kuroyanagi, K. Yoshihira, and S. Natori Chemical and Toxicological Studies on Bracken Fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. II. Structures of Pterosins, Sesquiterpenes Having 1-Indanone Skeleton. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan) 26, 2365 (1978). 

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