Bracken

Glucuronomannans. Most glucuronomaimans occur as components of certain plant gums and are characterized by the presence of an 0-(P -D-glucurono-pyranosyl)-(1 2)-D-maimopyranosyl linkage ia the molecule (65). Less complex glucuronomaimans are found in the tissues of bracken Pteridium aquilinum) and in tobacco leaf cells where they may be part of the cultured cell wall (132) and exude into the medium in which the cells are grown (133). 

Ransome-Wallis, P., ed. (1959). The Concise Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives. New York Hawthorn Books. Rolt, L. T. C. (1962). The Railway Revolution George and Roheit Stephenson. New York St. Martin s Press. Stretton, C. E. (1989). The Development of the Locomotive. London Bracken Books. 

Pugge, H., Jork, H. Private commtmication, Univositat des Saariandes, Saar bracken, 1992. 

Singh, N.K., Bracken, C.A., Hasegawa, P.M., Handa, A.K., Buckel, S., Hermod-son, M.A., Pfankoch, E., Regnier, F.E. Bressan, R.A. (1987a). Characterization of Osmotin. A thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotic adjustment in plant cells. Plant Physiology, 85, 529-36. 

The toxic properties of Pteridium aquilinum L., the common bracken fern, have been known to humankind for a very long time. Two principal causes of trouble are its carcinogenic properties (M. Saito et al., 1975 I. A. Evans, 1976 Hirono, 1986)... 

Other, simpler compounds appear to vary among varieties of bracken as well. Both trans-o-cowmdixic acid [393] and the related coumarin [394] have been reported from var. caudatum (Bohm and Try on, 1967 Alonso-Amelot et ak, 1995), but not from other varieties that have been tested var. aquilinum from Europe and England, var. latiusculum from Europe, North America, and Japan, var. pubescens from western North America and Mexico, and var. esculentum from Australia and New Zealand (Alonso-Amelot et ak, 1995). 

Estes, J. A. and Steinberg, P. D. 1988. Predation, herbivory and kelp evolution. Paleobiol. 14 19-36. Evans, 1. A. 1976. Relationship between bracken and cancer. Pages 105-112 in F. H. Perring and B. G. Gardiner (eds.). The biology of bracken. Linnean Society of London-Academic Press, London. 

The acute diseases caused by bracken in animals. Pages 121-132 in R. T. Smith and... 

J. A. Taylor (eds.). Bracken, Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology. Parthenon Pubhshing,... 

Fenwick, G. R. 1988. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Toxic effects and toxic constituents. J. Sci. Pood Agile. 46 147-173. 

Hirono, 1. 1986. Carcinogenic principles isolated from bracken fern. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 17 1-22. 

Niwa, H., Ojika, M., Wakamatsu, K., Yamada, K., Hirono, 1. and Matsushita, K. 1983. Ptaqui-loside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. Tetrahedron lett. 24 4117-4120. 

Salto, K., Umeda, M., Takasuki, S., Koyama, K. and Natori, S. 1990. The sesquiterpe-noid carcinogen of bracken fern and some analogs from the Pteridaceae. Phytochemistry 29 1475-1480. 

Salto, M., Umeda, M., Enomoto, M., Hatanaka, Y., Natori, S., Yoshlhlra, K., Fukuoka, M. and Kuroyanagl, M. 1975. Cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of pterosins and pterosides, 1-indanone derivatives and bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum). Experientia 31 824-831. 

Eskenazi B, Bracken MB, Holford TR, et al. 1988. Exposure to organic solvents and hypertensive disorders ofpregnancy. Am J Ind Med 14 177-188. 

Material that has been used as litter, mainly straw, though sawdust or bracken can be used. 

U MI, Wexford Co. sandy soil, quaking aspen-bracken fern. 8 25 25 13 0 38 25... 

McVay, C.S., Bracken, P., Gagliardo, L.F. and Appleton, J.A (2000) Antibodies to tyvelose exhibit multiple modes of interference with the epithelial niche of TrichineUa spiralis. Infection and Immunity 68, 1912-1918. 

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