Spore production

Many powdered raw materials, e.g. china clay, talc and calcium carbonate are natural products, coming from the soil and often contaminated with appreciable numbers of bacterial and fungal spores. Products heated to high temperatures during preparation, e.g. calcined kaolin clay used as a titanium dioxide extender, will generally be free from such contaminants. 

Has a high rate of infection when temperatures are above 77°F. Spore production requires... 

Check spore production after 5 days by spore stain. If the percentage of cells sporing is less than 70 to 80%, continue incubation. When a 70 to 80% spore yield is achieved, wash off the growth from the flats with 20 ml of sterile normal saline and dispense into sterile centrifuge tubes. 

Subculture about 3 to 5 ml of the broth onto each of hve 45-ml solid RCM agar slopes (in 100-ml medical flats) and incubate anaerobically at 32°C for until 70 to 80% of the population is sporing (approximately 2 weeks). Spore production should be checked every few days by spore stain. 

Anderson, E.K. and North, W.J., In situ studies of spore production and dispersal in the giant kelp... 

A great deal of natural variability often is present in a fungal population. Webb and Lindov ( ) found isolates of Ascochvta Dteridis (Bres.) Sacc. from bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) to vary in virulence, spore production, and tolerance to desiccation. Isolates of biocontrol fungi are routinely screened for desired characteristics such as increased virulence, abundant spore production, and environmental tolerance (1 ,. ... 

Several herbicides have had a stimulatory effect on hyphal growth and spore production of pathogens. Trifluralin has been shown to increase growth of Fusarium solan f. sp. phaseol and Fusar um solan f. sp. cucurb tae (F5C) and spore production of F. solan f. sp. Phaseol , Glyphosate has also been shoim by Watson et ai. to increase enhanced pathogen gro%d h (72). ... 

COURSE OF THE DISEASE. Dispersion of the ascospores of the fungus starts before autumn. The spores are spread hy rain and can penetrate into the tree via wounds. The main entry points in autumn are the fruit and leaf scars. Dispersion of the ascospores continues in the spring, and there is also increased production of conidia on infected shoots in the second half of the year. Production of conidia continues until late autumn. The best conditions for infection are thus in autumn, when there are a lot of wounds and spore production peaks. 

Resistance control strategies emphasize sequential treatment of fruit with unrelated fungicides and suppression of spore production and dispersal. 

As the mushroom matures, spore production slows and eventually stops. At this time mushrooms are in their last hours of life. Soon decay from bacteria and other fungi sets in, reducing the once majestic mushroom into a soggy mass of fetid tissue that melts into the ground from which it sprung. 

Macroscopic Appearance On malt agar and on rye grain appearing as a fast growing whitish mold, very similar to cottony mushroom mycelia and frequently mistaken for it. On compost it is a fine white mold which with age becomes yellowish to golden yellow from spore production. It is not as prolific a spore producer as the powdery Trichoderma. If spores are not produced at all, the mycelia remains whitish. This mold attacks composts that otherwise have been properly prepared for mushroom growing. 

Macroscopic Appearance Whitish at first, then grayish, soon dark brown or jet black with spore production. As Torula matures, the mycelium becomes covered with a mass of spores that give it a soot-like appearance. On compost, this fungus appears similar to Humicola. 

Macroscopic Appearance Mycelium initially whitish soon pinkish with spore production and... 

The preferred organisms are those which handle easily or, in the case of food applications, have the FDA stamp of approval. They are stable in their characteristics of enzyme yields, spore production, and cultural requirements. They present minimal difficulty in filtration, centrifugation, or disintegration (if required). They produce no toxic or other undesirable side products, and they grow on inexpensive substrates. 

St-Amaud, M., Hamel, C., Vimard, B., Caron, M., Fortin, J.A., 1996. Enhanced hyphal growth and spore production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in an in vitro system in the absence of host roots. Mycol. Res. 100, 328-332. 

It is advisable to use old cultures grown on nutrient agar, as spore production is a survival mechanism found in ageing cultures. A smear should be made and fixed in the normal manner. The slide should be placed on the rim of a beaker half full of boiling water, with the bacterial film uppermost, and then the following procedure used. 

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