PSA, prostate-specific antigen

No association. - = Inverse association. + = Positive association. ATBC = a-Tocopherol, p-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. PSA = Prostate-specific antigen. 

EM = Expectant management RT = Radiation therapy RP = Radical prostatectomy PSA = Prostate specific antigen. 

PSA Prostate-specific antigen Si First heart sound... 

Note PCa, prostate cancer WM, white male DES, diethylstilbestrol AR, androgen receptor PSA, prostate specific antigen and PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase. 

Tables 8 and 9 show how some of the previously mentioned antibodies can distinguish between metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown primaries in females and males, respectively. The panels are similar except for ERP (estrogen receptor protein), GCDFP-15, and S-100, which are used in females for their specificity for gynecologic tumors and PSA (prostatic specific antigen), used in males for its specificity for prostatic adenocarcinoma. These antibodies cannot absolutely distinguish among the tumor sources listed. However, they can guide pathologists and clinicians on which organs need to be further examined to determine the primary source of a metastatic tumor.

Acid phosphatase retains its activity for a long period and hence is useful in forensic science to detect semen but has now been superseded by DNA fingerprinting. The activity in blood was used in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer but was superseded by PSA (prostate specific antigen). 

Trials of therapeutic vaccination against prostate cancer used OncoVax-P (Jenner Biotherapies, Inc, San Ramon, California). OncoVax-P consists of 200 pg monophosphoryl lipid A (similar to that used in Detox) added to 1 ml liposomes and 100 pg PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Patients received injections by different routes (intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous) according to the trial, with or without GM-CSF, IL-2 or BCG and cyclophosphamide pretreatment. No serious side effects were seen. DTH and antibody responses were achieved. Vaccination increased the PSA-reactive T cell frequency as determined by IFN-y secretion, but no toxicity against PSA-expressing target cells was detected. The most effective strategy could not be determined, and no conclusion about the clinical efficacy of the treatment was possible [214,215],... 

Abbreviations DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid ECD, electrochemical detection LIF, laser induced fluorescence LOD, limit of detection PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane) PSA, prostate specific antigen TOF-MS, time-of-flight mass spectrometer TNT, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. 

PPX-PPF copolymer of p-xylylene and p-xylylenecarboxylic acid pentaflu-orophenol ester PS polystyrene PSA prostate-specific antigen PSS poly(styrene sulfate)... 

The EDTA-Tb3+ complex is poorly luminescent, but becomes strongly emissive when it forms a ternary complex with salicylic acid. By using alkaliphosphatase (ALP) as the label of the antibody, a unique immunoassay system specific to Tb3+ was constmcted (fig. 11) by Evangelista et al. (1991) and Christopoulos et al. (1992). The enzyme ALP cleaves the phosphoester bond of the substrate and releases 5-fluorosalicylic acid, which binds to EDTA-Tb3+ and sensitizes luminescence from Tb3+. This method is employed for the determination of semm AFP (cx-fetoprotein) and PSA (prostate-specific antigen). 

FIGURE 15. Luminescence energy transfer from complex doped in polystyrene particle to TFS particles (PSA = prostatic specific antigen, TFS = transfluosphere ). Reproduced with permission from Reference 240, Copyright 2006 Elsevier... 

PSA, Prostate-specific antigen PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase. 

FIGURE 10.25 Distribution of markers in parathyroid adenomas. KER(PAN), pancytokeratin PTH, parathyroid hormone CHR-A, chromogranin A BCL-2 PSA, prostatic specific antigen cyclin D1 TTF-1, thyroid transcription factor-1 TGB, thyroglobulin. 

PSA Prostate-specific antigen TFT Thin film transistor... 

SPR Surface plasmon resonance, BRE biorecognition elements, PSA prostate-specific antigen, BSA bovine sertun albumin, GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin... 

A 60-year-old man is found to have a prostate lump and an elevated PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test. MRI examination suggests several enlarged lymph nodes in the lower abdomen, and x-ray reveals two radiolucent lesions in the bony pelvis. This patient might benefit from treatment with any of the following EXCEPT... 

Phase 11 clinical trials are under way for the prevention of prostate cancer with lycopene administration. A study by Bowen et al. showed that lycopene was accumulated in the human prostate following administration of tomato paste (about 30 mg lycopene/day). A second study in patients with locahzed prostate cancer showed that lycopene, given as a tomato oleoresin extract (about 30 mg/day), resulted in lower PSA (prostate specific antigen) values and a less aggressive prostate disease at the time of surgery. Further studies with larger Phase 11 trials are planned to evaluate lycopene to prevent cancer of the prostate. 

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