Luminescence energy transfer

Keywords Luminescence Energy transfer Electron transfer Lanthanide ions Sensors. 

Sueda, S., Yuan, J.L., and Matsumoto, K. (2000) Homogeneous DNA hybridization assay by using europium luminescence energy transfer. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 11, 827-831. 

FIGURE 15. Luminescence energy transfer from complex doped in polystyrene particle to TFS particles (PSA = prostatic specific antigen, TFS = transfluosphere ). Reproduced with permission from Reference 240, Copyright 2006 Elsevier... 

Later on similar color shifts were found in the related coelenterates Obelia (a hydroid) and Renilla (a sea pansy) and it was suggested that the in-vivo excitation mechanism for coelenterate GFPs is based on radiationless energy transfer [3]. The first prove for this assumption was provided by Morise and coworkers in 1974 [4], They managed to purify and crystallize Aequorea GFP, and to demonstrate the efficient luminescence energy transfer between co-adsorbed Aequorin and GFP. In addition, the absorbance spectrum and fluorescence quantum yield was measured. 

Hemmila I, Hurskainen P, Blomberg K, et al (1998) Homogeneous luminescence energy transfer assays. PCT International Application WO 98/15830... 

Heyduk T, Heyduk E (2001) Luminescence energy transfer with lanthanide chelates interpretation of sensitized acceptor decay amplitudes. Anal Biochem 289 60-67... 

Posson, D.J., Ge, P., Miller, C., Benzanilla, F., Selvin, P.R. Small vertical movement of a channel voltage sensor measured with luminescence energy transfer. Nature 436, 848-851... 

Basiev T T, Orlovskii Y V and Privis Y S 1996 Fligh order multipole interaotion in nanoseoond Nd-Nd energy transfer J. Luminescence 69 187-202... 

In photoluminescence one measures physical and chemical properties of materials by using photons to induce excited electronic states in the material system and analyzing the optical emission as these states relax. Typically, light is directed onto the sample for excitation, and the emitted luminescence is collected by a lens and passed through an optical spectrometer onto a photodetector. The spectral distribution and time dependence of the emission are related to electronic transition probabilities within the sample, and can be used to provide qualitative and, sometimes, quantitative information about chemical composition, structure (bonding, disorder, interfaces, quantum wells), impurities, kinetic processes, and energy transfer. 

Energy transfer to fluorescent proteins. There are marked differences among the various bacterial species and strains in terms of the in vivo luminescence spectra. The emission maxima are spread mostly in a range from 472 to 505 nm (Seliger and Morton, 1968), but one of the strains, P. fischeri Y-l, shows a maximum at 545 nm (Ruby and Nealson, 1977), as shown in Fig. 2.3. However, the in vitro luminescence spectra measured with purified luciferases obtained from the various bacterial species and strains are all similar (Amax about 490 nm). The variation in the in vivo luminescence spectra may be due to the occurrence of an intermolecular energy transfer that increases the efficiency of light emission. 

We have found for polypropynoic acid that this series of polymers reveals selective fluorescence spectra together with nonselective absorption. To account for this phenomenon, a scheme was proposed according to which PCSs are characterized by energy transfer from excited levels of some conjugation sections to the lower levels of other sections, followed by luminescence from the latter40 41,246,248,249,253. ... 

Definition and Uses of Standards. In the context of this paper, the term "standard" denotes a well-characterized material for which a physical parameter or concentration of chemical constituent has been determined with a known precision and accuracy. These standards can be used to check or determine (a) instrumental parameters such as wavelength accuracy, detection-system spectral responsivity, and stability (b) the instrument response to specific fluorescent species and (c) the accuracy of measurements made by specific Instruments or measurement procedures (assess whether the analytical measurement process is in statistical control and whether it exhibits bias). Once the luminescence instrumentation has been calibrated, it can be used to measure the luminescence characteristics of chemical systems, including corrected excitation and emission spectra, quantum yields, decay times, emission anisotropies, energy transfer, and, with appropriate standards, the concentrations of chemical constituents in complex S2unples. 

In both cases, the luminescence of the species A is quenched, but in the case of energy transfer the luminescence of species A is replaced by the luminescence of species B (sensitization process). 

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