Proven reliability

Digital control methodologies similar to the Elliott Digital System program evolved from successful and proven reliable high-speed air compressor management and control approaches. 

Nitriding permits increased tooth loading. The amount of increased capacity is not exactly known, but a 20% increase in load at 10,000-12,000 rpm has proven reliable. A further advantage of the nitrided coupling is that the coefficient of friction is lower than that for through-hardened parts. The heat from friction in the coupling decreases. More important, the transmission of axial forces is decreased by the reduced friction. 

Other cleaning methods. Other cleaning methods of proven reliability are permitted. 

The first practical silver—zinc battery was developed more then 60 years ago. Since then, primary and secondary silver—zinc batteries have attracted a variety of applications due to their high specific energy, proven reliability and safety, and the highest power output per unit weight and volume of all commercially available batteries. However, they find very limited use in commercial applications, because of their high price and limited cycle life. Development of a battery separator which will improve the performance and life of zinc based alkaline cells has been... 

This important synthetic problem has been satisfactorily solved with the introduction of lithium dialkylamide bases. Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA, Creger s base ) has already been mentioned for the a-alkylation of acids by means of their dianions1. This method has been further improved through the use of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA)2 and then extended to the a-alkylation of esters3. Generally, LDA became the most widely used base for the preparation of lactone enolates. In some cases lithium amides of other secondary amines like cyclo-hexylisopropylamine, diethylamine or hexamethyldisilazane have been used. The sodium or potassium salts of the latter have also been used but only as exceptions (vide infra). Other methods for the preparation of y-Iactone enolates. e.g., in a tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium, containing K anions and K+ cations complexed by 18-crown-6, and their alkylation have been successfully demonstrated (yields 80 95 %)4 but they probably cannot compete with the simplicity and proven reliability of the lithium amide method. 

Empirical methods26 use known experimental enthalpy data to estimate enthalpies and bond energies for unknown compounds. Among the methods in this group are the bond energy approach and Benson s rules. The empirical methodologies still hold an important place in the tool box of the scientist simply because these methods are so easy to use and are of proven reliability. The empirical methods require little in the way of computer resources and can handle very large molecules. These methods can be reasonably accurate for molecules that have standard bond types. 

A working version of ASPEN will be completed by October, 1979. A future phase of this project is anticipated for the testing of ASPEN and transferring the technology into the public domain. Industrial, government, and academic users will be able to access and use ASPEN in a controlled test environment. The ASPEN staff will maintain the system for testing, train and consult with users, and enhance the system. At the end of the test project a more proven, reliable ASPEN system will then be made available to the public. 

For the VCD studies described in Sects. 4.1 and 4.2, the B3LYP hybrid functional [83, 84] was used because of its proven reliability in predicting VCD intensities [25, 85, 86] and in describing strong H-bonded complexes [87-89], The initial screening calculations were carried out at a low level of theory such as HF/3-21G or B3LYP/6-31G [90, 91]. The final geometry optimizations of the chiral molecular systems were performed with 6-311++G(d,p) or aug-cc-pVTZ [92],... 

Apply the respective system factors. Studies and experience show that the calculated pump-down time for a vacuum system must be corrected by an appropriate system factor. This factor makes allowance for the normal outgassing of surfaces exposed to atmospheric air. It also provides a basis forjudging whether a system is pumping down normally or whether some problem exists that must be corrected. Table 6.33 lists typical system factors that have proven reliable in many tests. To use the system factor for any pump, apply it this way ta = tS. where ta is actual pump-down time, in min t is computed pump-down time from step 3, in min S is system factor for the type of pump being considered. 

Since components are common to the mixing plant, they have proven reliable and can be serviced by the regular crew. 

Well-proven, reliable design. With no moving parts, and well-chosen materials of construction the HTC reactor has a demonstrated long life and low maintenance demands. Many licensees have achieved onstream factors of 98% exclusive of programmed plant turnarounds. 

Equistar Chemicals L. D. Polyethylene, high pressure autoclave LDPE and EVA resins Ethylene, vinyl acetate Proven reliable resin production for film, injection molding and wire and cable grades. VA content up to 30% film, adhesives, etc. 10 1988... 

The equilibrium calculations in ChemApp are performed by the same Gibbs energy minimisation code as in the well-known interactive software ChemSage, now FactSage, and are thus of proven reliability. 

PTGL-processes (table Ia,b,c) can be characterized by their operating principle (pyrolysis, gasification or liquefaction) and reaction conditions, their type of reactor and method of heat supply and the possible presence of auxiliary systems. The selection of a particular process will ultimately be based on its proven reliability on one hand and on the quality of the process output on the other [ ]. ... 

The CAC and other active members of the Pueblo community have repeatedly opposed the offsite shipment of agent hydrolysate for treatment and disposal. They view biotreatment as a proven, reliable teelmology and consider any transportation of agent hydrolysate to be inherenlly more risky than keeping it onsite for further treatment. 

Barriers to entry include requirements for proprietary manufacturing, a high-technology base, substantial process knowledge, considerable research and development resources, patent protection, specialized marketing ability, proven reliability, and a limited market size. 

Methods for the assay of hexosaminidase A and total hexosaminidase activities in dried blood spots on filter paper offer considerable advantages for screening (Chamoles et al., 2002). The deficient activity of the lysosomal enzymes hexosaminidase A and total hexosaminidase (hexosaminidase A plus B) are usually measured in plasma or extracts of leukocytes. To tubes containing a 3-mm-diameter blood spot, elution liquid and substrate solution were added. After incubation at 37°C, the amount of hydrolyzed product was compared with a calibrator to allow the quantification of enzyme activity. The method was proven reliable even after storage for up to 38 months at room temperature. For total hexosaminidase, the substrate was 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-2-acetamido-... 

A checklist, like any other questionnaire, needs to have both a helpful overall structure and well-constructed questions. It should also be proven reliable, valid, sensitive, and usable, although precious few meet aU of these criteria. In the remainder of this section, a selection of checklists will be presented as typical of (reasonably) good practice. Emphasis wUl be on objective, structure, and question design. 

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