Axial force

The stress resulting from the axial forces must be considered in analy2ing the parts which resist axial separation, such as bolts, nuts, rings, etc. On scroU centrifuges the axial force owing to the axial component of the conveyor torque must also be considered. 

Pu -on joints do not resist bending moments or axial forces tending to separate the joints but yield to them to an extent limited by the... 

When transmitting the load to the driven equipment, the motor bearing at the driving end (DE) is normally subject to two types of forces, radial and axial. The axial force in a horizontal drive is normally zero. If it is not zero this may be due to eccentricity in the transmitting line or any such reason that may subject the driving end bearing to an axial load in addition to a radial load. These forces become severe when the load from the motor is being... 

The amount of radial and axial forces acting on the bearings or... 

Misalignment, causing friction and excessive axial forces... 

Consider the peak stress that can be carried by a chopped-fibre composite which has a matrix with a yield strength in shear of d (d = jd ). Figure 25.4 shows that the axial force transmitted to a fibre of diameter d over a little segment 8x of its length is... 

When the pressure behind the compressor wheel is adjusted in accordance with the magnitude of the axial force, automatic thrust balancing is achieved. The signal corresponding to the magnitude of... 

Forces applied to a rotor. Rotor-applied forces can be due to drive torques, couplings, gears, misalignment, and axial forces from piston and thrust unbalance. They can be destructive, and they often result in the total destruction of a machine. 

Nitriding permits increased tooth loading. The amount of increased capacity is not exactly known, but a 20% increase in load at 10,000-12,000 rpm has proven reliable. A further advantage of the nitrided coupling is that the coefficient of friction is lower than that for through-hardened parts. The heat from friction in the coupling decreases. More important, the transmission of axial forces is decreased by the reduced friction. 

A uPVC rod of diameter 12 mm is subjected to an eccentric axial force at a distance of 3 ttun from the centre of the cross-section. If the force varies sinusoidally from — F to f at a frequency of 10 Hz, calculate the value of F so that fatigue failure will not occur in 10 cycles. Assume a safety factor of 2.5 and use the creep rupture and fatigue characteristics described in the previous question. Thermal softening effects may be ignored at the stress levels involved. 

Consider a unidirectional sheet of material with the fibres aligned in the x-direction and subjected to a stress, If the sheet has thickness, h, as shown in Fig. 3.15 and we consider unit width, then the normal axial force Nx is given by... 

Consider the differential element of a laterally and axially loaded beam as in Figure D-1. There, the axial force, shear force, moment, and lateral load are depicted along with the pertinent changes that occur along the length of the differential element. 

Therefore, unless axial loads are introduced along the beam, the axial force is constant. 

Thus, a fourth-order differential equation such as Equation (D.11) has four boundary conditions which are the second and third of the conditions in Equation (D.8) at each end of the beam. The first boundary condition in Equation (D.8) applies to the axial force equilibrium equation, Equation (D.2), or its equivalent in terms of displacement (u). 

In a toroidal traction drive, toroidal input and output disks face one another, separated by a number of rollers that contact the toroid surfaces. The rollers are mounted so that they can he tilted to vaiy the radius from the centerline of the disks where they contact the toroids, and therefore determine the input/output speed ratio of the rotating disks. A substantial axial force must be applied to the disks to prevent the rollers from slipping on the disk surfaces. To avoid excessive losses when the torque transmitted is low, this force needs to he modulated in proportion to the torque transmitted. 

A frame is a structure with at least one member that supports more than two forces. Members of a frame may support lateral as well as axial forces. Connections in frame need not be located at the ends of the members. Frames, like trusses, are designed to support loads, and are usually motionless. A machine also has multiforce members. It is designed to modify and transmit forces and, though it may sometimes be stationary, it always includes parts that move during some phase of operation. 

Gearboxes must be installed on a rigid base that prevents flexing of its housing and the input and output shafts. Both the input and output shaft must be properly aligned, within 0.002 inch, to their respective mating shafts. Both shafts should be free of any induced axial forces that may be generated by the driver or driven units. 

This element will strongly resist motion along its length and be relatively flexible in opposing motion perpendicular to its length. Axial forces experience a spring constant... 

Esc Sustained axial force including the effects of weight, other sustained loads, and internal pressure N lb... 

Fa = axial force, including that due to internal pressure... 

A comprehensive list of behavioral phenomena and physical attributes affecting the strength and stability of steel frames is compiled in White 1991. Some of the items listed include initial imperfections, residual stresses, initial strains, construction sequence, effects of simultaneous axial force, shear and moment on section capacities, P-dclta effect, local buckling and spread of inelastic zones in members. A similar list of items could be compiled for reinforced concrete and other structural materials. It is clear that a comprehensive advanced analysts can become quite... 

The walls are 12 ft (366 cm) from floor slab to roof. The shorter walls are 66.67 ft (2,032 cm) long, a 5.6 to 1 height to width ratio. Therefore all walls will be analyzed as one way beams pinned at the base by a crossed reinforcing configuration at the slab level (similar to Figure 8.10), and pinned at the top due to a thinner roof slab (Figure 8,11), The wall is assumed to be unrestrained (for axial forces) at the top end and will not respond in tensile membrane action. 

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