Proton pump inhibitors esomeprazole

Proton Pump Inhibitors Esomeprazole 300 mg at bedtime 20-40 mg daily 20-40 mg daily... 

Oral 25 mg tablets Proton Pump Inhibitors Esomeprazole (Nexium)... 

AstraZeneca (formerly Astra) has launched the proton-pump inhibitor esomeprazole (19) (as Nexium) as a treatment for peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, and esophagitis. Esomeprazole is the (S)-enantiomer of omeprazole and was developed as a result of its improved pharmokinetic profile and better potency after oral dosing than (f )-form of omeprazole or the racemate. The dosage is higher than would be expected for a simple chiral switch. The stereogenic center is at sulfur. Detailed accounts of the development of the process have been published.189190... 

ACID SUPPRESSION WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (ESOMEPRAZOLE, LANSOPRAZOLE, OMEPRAZOLE, PANTOPRAZOLE, AND RABEPRAZOLE)... 

Esomeprazole, is the S-isomer of omeprazole and may offer greater acid suppression and improved healing rates as compared with the other proton pump inhibitors. Esomeprazole was compared with omeprazole in 1960 patients with endoscopy-confirmed grade... 

The nurse is preparing to administer the proton-pump inhibitor esomeprazole (Nexium). Which intervention should the nurse implement ... 

Proton pump Inhibitors Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole... 

Another four patients, two men aged 63 and 81 years and two women aged 73 and 62 years, who had been using a proton pump inhibitor (esomeprazole, pantoprazole, omeprazole, or rabeprazole, 20-40 mg/day) for 1-13 years, developed severe hypomagnesemia with hypocalcemia, relative hypoparathyroidism, and extremely low urinary calcium and magnesium excretion [52 ]. One was admitted with postanoxic encephalopathy after a collapse probably caused by a dysrhythmia. The others had electrocardiographic abnormalities... 

Systematic reviews Laboratory and chnical evidence suggest that the increase in gastric pH caused by proton pump inhibitors may be linked to increased bacterial colonization of the stomach and may predispose patients to an increased risk of respiratory infections. The association of proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and omeprazole) with respiratory infections has been studied in a systematic review of seven studies, four of which showed a trend towards an association, although most of the studies failed to show a significant correlation [54 ]. 

Pohl O, Osterloh I, Lecomte V, Gotteland JP. Changes in gastric pH and in pharmacokinetics of ulipristal acetate - a drug-drug interaction study using the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013 51(l) 26-33. 

The histamine2-receptor antagonists or H2RAs (cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, and ranitidine) and proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantopra-zole, and rabeprazole) reduce the amount of acid secreted into the stomach by gastric parietal cells. These agents are also helpful for nausea and vomiting related to gastric acid secretion. 

Nexium (esomeprazole magnesium, AstraZeneca) is a drug termed as a proton pump inhibitor. It turns off the secretions of acid into the stomach. When less acid is produced, there is a reduced amount of acid that can flow back up from the stomach into the esophagus to cause reflux symptoms. 

Esomeprazole (Nexium, AstraZeneca) proton pump inhibitor for the prevention of relapse in reflux esophagitis... 

AstraZeneca launched omeprazole in 1988. It is a safe and effective drug for acid reflux, functioning as a proton pump inhibitor. However, the patent has expired and AstraZeneca has to compete against generics. The company developed the active isomer and called it esomeprazole. It was approved by the Mutual Recognition process in Europe in July 2000, and by the US Food and Drug Administration in February 2001. The chemical formulas for omeprazole and esomeprazole are shown below. 

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole, are commonly prescribed to treat symptoms of heartburn, acid reflux, chest pain, dyspepsia, and chronic cough. PPIs inhibit the transfer of protons into the stomach lumen. Pharmacological acid suppression is thus used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as to prevent ulcer development with concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. 

Nexium containing esomeprazole (proton pump inhibitor) is marketed by AstraZeneca. 

Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor and may cause headache, pruritus and dizziness as side-effects. 

Olbe L, Carlsson E, Lindberg P. A proton-pump inhibitor expedition the case histories of omeprazole and esomeprazole. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003 2 132-9. 

Esomeprazole (Nexium) [Gastric Acid Inhibitor/Proton Pump Inhibitor] Uses Short-term (4-8 wk) for erosive esophagitis/GERD H. pylori Infxn in combo w/ antibiotics Action Proton pump inhibitor, gastric acid Dose Adults. GERD/erosive gastritis 20 0 mg/d PO x 4-8 wk 20 0 mg IV 10-30 min inf or >3 min IV push, 10 d max Maint 20 mg/d... 

Five proton pump inhibitors are available for clinical use omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole. All are substituted benzimidazoles that resemble H 2 antagonists in structure (Figure 62-3) but have a completely different mechanism of action. Omeprazole is a racemic mixture of R- and S-isomers. Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole. All are available in oral formulations. Esomeprazole and pantoprazole are also available in intravenous formulations (Table 62-2). 

In patients receiving long-term therapy with proton pump inhibitors, the median 24-hour intragastric pH varies from 3.6 to 4.9 (esomeprazole 40 mg) the mean number of hours the pH is higher than 4 varies from 10.5 hours to 16.8. 

Esomeprazole (Nexium, 13.45), a proton-pump inhibitor, is marketed as a singleenantiomer drug under the name Nexium (Scheme 13.7).17 The diethyl ester of (+) -tartaric acid (13.43, R = ethyl) serves as a chiral ligand for the titanium catalyst, and hydroperoxide is the stoichiometric oxidant. Because of the chiral environment created by the (+)-tartrate ligand, the catalyst selectively adds an oxygen atom to just one of the lone pairs to form a new stereocenter at the sulfur atom. 

Enzymes often prove to be the catalyst of choice for numerous transformations, and their prowess is particularly noteworthy for the synthesis of chiral molecules. The ability of biocatalysts to impart chirality through conversion of prochiral molecules or by transformation of only one stereoisomer of a racemic mixture stems from the inherent chirality of enzymes. As noted in the introduction to this book (Chapter 1), the chiral drug market is increasing, partly as a result of the need to produce single enantiomers as advocated by the U.S. Food and Drag Administration.1 The ability to extend the patent life of a drug through a racemic switch also plays a role in this increase. An example of a racemic switch is Astra Zeneca s Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (see Chapter 31).2... 

Esomeprazole in the Framework of Proton-Pump Inhibitor Development... 

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