Pristane-induced arthritis

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a mineral oil known to induce arthritis, a disease also referred to as pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) [58], Susceptibility to PIA is MHC-haplotype dependent, in that DBA/1 (H2q) mice are susceptible whereas DBA/2 (H2d) are not, and is accompanied by a broad spectrum of autoantibodies, including anti-Rheuma Factor (RF), anti-collagen and antibodies to heat shock proteins (HSP). PIA is clearly immune dependent since nu/nu mice and irradiated mice do not develop PIA. PIA involves polyclonal T cell activation [59], particularly CD4+ cells [58], Intriguingly, mice can be protected from developing PIA by HSP65-specilic CD4+ Th2 cells [60],... 

Wooley, P.H., and Whalen, J.D. Pristane-induced arthritis in mice. III. Lymphocyte phenotypic and functional abnormalities precede the development of pristane-induced arthritis. Cell. Immunol., 138, 251, 1991. 

Wooley, P.H. et al., Pristane-induced arthritis in mice. V. Susceptibility to pristane-induced arthritis is determined by the genetic regulation of the T cell repertoire. Arthritis Rheum., 41,2022, 1998. 

Beech, J. T. et al., CD4+ Th2 cells specific for mycobacterial 65-kilodalton heat shock protein protect against pristane-induced arthritis. J. Immunol., 159, 3692, 1997. 

Pristane-induced arthritis is also inducible in rat, with DA rats being susceptible and E3 rats being resistant (Wester et al., 2003). It is controlled by multiple genes, identified as pristane-induced arthritis (pia) loci (Olofsson et al., 2003). 

Olofsson P, Flolmberg J, Pettersson U, Holmdahl R (2003) Identification and isolation of dominant susceptibility loci for pristane-induced arthritis. J Immunol, 171(1) 407-416. 

Wester L, Koczan D, Holmberg J, Olofsson P, Thiesen HJ, Holmdahl R, Ibrahim S (2003) Differential gene expression in pristane-induced arthritis susceptible DA versus resistant E3 rats. Arthritis Res Ther, 5(6) R361-R372. 

A few examples of animal models used in immunotoxicologic testing of drugs include Brown Norway rat and Lewis rat models, which are described in detail below. Other established mouse models of autoimmune diseases, e.g.,systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen-induced arthritis,pristane-induced arthritis and systemic scleroderma, may be considered for potential application in immunotoxicology evaluation. 

Pristane-Induced Arthritis (PIA) Model. In one strain of mice, DBA/1, injection of a mineral oil pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) into joint regions induces arthritic disease associated with a broad spectrum of autoantibody production, including rheumatoid factor, anti-collagen and antiheat shock protein antibodies, and polyclonal T cell activation (Wooley and Whalen, 1991). Later work showed the ability to modulate the disease by immunoregulatory agents, e.g., administration of IL-12 cytokine (Beech et al., 1997). However, this disease-induction model appears less frequently used, likely due to lower reproducibility between laboratories, and potential... 

More recently, a laboratory study established three forms of experimental arthritis (mycobacterial-induced arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis, and pristane-induced arthritis) in rats and then treated each group with either nanosized Au or aurothiomalate [28]. Both gold preparations were administered subcutaneously. The development of all three forms of induced arthritis was suppressed by... 

Odobasic, D., Muljadi, R. C., O Sullivan, K. M., etal. (2015). Suppression of autoimmunity and renal disease in pristane-induced lupus by myeloperoxidase. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 67(7), 1868-1880. 

---