Protein kinase conventional

Schbnwasser DC, Marais RM, Marshall C], Parker P) (1998) Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes. Mol Cell Biol 18 90-798... 

These variant Cajfs are clearly members of the P subunit family, but they have quite distinct structural features. For example, the variant 5. mansoni CavP is approximately 25% larger than the conventional schistosome Cavp, and is as much as 50% larger than P subunits from other species. However, the feature of these variant Cajfs that is most striking is found in the BID, where two conserved serine residues that represent consensus protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites are replaced by other residues (cysteine, alanine). 

The protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway has been associated with modulation of A-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, motor behavior, learning, and memory, all of which are severely impaired in intoxication with sarin and similar OPs. There was a reduction in the immunoreactivity levels of betall-PKC and Zeta-PKC in the frontal cortex (up to 24 h), and in the striatum (up to 5 days) post-sarin exposure, in contrast to the increase in the immunoreactivity of both enzymes in the hippocampus or thalamus, following a IxLDso exposure to sarin. These observations suggest a role for both conventional and atypical PKC isozymes in OP-induced neuropathy in the rat and further support their role in cell death (Bloch-Shilderman et al., 2005). 

PKa a logarithm of acid ionization constant (Ka) pKg Equivalent to -logioKe. where by convention Kg is the equilibrium dissociation constant of an antagonist. Numerically, identical to pAz for simple equilibrium competition at a single site, The term apparent pKe may be used when there is no evidence whether or not there is competition, but there is assumed to be (e.g. when calculating pKe from a single concentration of antagonist). PKC protein kinase C. 

Activation by Ca2+/calmodulin. Target proteins exhibiting this more conventional behavior include the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (see Section 7.5). 

Fig. 7.9 a) Protein kinase C isoenzymes. The major cellular functions of the protein kinase C isoenzymes are indicated (from Dempsey et al., 2000). The isoenzymes are divided into subgroups based on structure and cofactor requirements conventional (a, j, novel (<5, e, rj, B) atypical... 

The members of the protein kinase C family are composed of a polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 68 - 83 kDa. The N-terminal regulatory domains Cl and C2 and a C-terminal catalytic domain can be differentiated in the primary structure (Fig. 7.9b) of the conventional PKCs. In addition, a pseudosubstrate sequence with autoinhibitory function is located in the Cl region that binds to the substrate-binding... 

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, was obtained by cDNA cloning from a monoclonal antibody 18-2-ptoducing cell line 24). ScFvs were purified by conventional or anti-E tag affinity chromatognq>hy for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assays, and microinjection experiments. 

Luria A, Tennenbaum T, Sun QY, Rubinstein S, Breitbart H. 2000. Differential localization of conventional protein kinase C isoforms during mouse oocyte development. Biol Reprod 62(6) 1564-1570. 

Quantitative analysis of cyclic nucleotides in protein kinase activity can also be performed using the FAB-MIKES technique. It gives results comparable with those obtained by conventional radiometric assay for monitoring the kinetics of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity. 

Stephens, E. V., Kalinec, G., Brann, M. R., and Gutkind, J. S. (1993) Transforming G protein-coupled receptors transduce potent mitogenic signals in NIH 3T3 cells independent on cAMP inhibition or conventional protein kinase C. Oncogene 8,19-26. 

Protein kinase C influenced cellular sensitivity to cisplatin. Activators of protein kinase C, such as phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, enhanced the sensitivity of human small cell lung cancer H69 cells to cisplatin by 2-fold but had no effect on the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant H69 cells to cisplatin (Busu et al. 1996). The maximum sensitisation was achieved with 10 nM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and blocked by down-regulation of protein kinase C with higher concentrations of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (1 jiM) or bryostatin 1 (0.1 p,M). H69 cells expressed conventional protein kinase Ca and -P, novel protein kinase C6, atypical protein kinase and -i, and novel/atypical protein kinase Cp,. A decrease in conventional protein kinase Ca and -P and an increase in novel protein kinase C6 were associated with the cisplatin-resistant phenotype. 

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