Nucleotide phosphodiesterase cyclic

The enzyme 2, 3 -cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase has been suggested as a marker for myelin. The activity catalyzes the degradation of 2, 3 -cyclic AMP to 2 -AMP or 2, 3 -cyclic CMP to 2 -CMP. 

Cerebral tissues were homogenized with a glass homogenizer and used as the source of the diesterase activity. 

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Braun, P. E., Lee, J. and Gravel, M. 2, 3 -cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase Structure, biology and function. In R. A. Lazzarini (ed.), Myelin biology and disorders. San Diego, CA Elsevier Academic Press, 2004,499-522. 

CNG cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (i) 2, 3 cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase ES embryonic stem cell... 

In the long-term survival monkey group, microglia again represented the largest proportion of BrdU+ cells (Fig. 23A Table 5). In addition, a few 2/,3/-cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase (CNP)+ oligodendrocytes incorporated BrdU in the postischemic monkeys (Fig. 23B Table 5). In the control CA, we identified just 1-2 BrdU+/CNP+ cells representing about 0.5% of the BrdU+ cells. Thus, in the control monkeys most of the BrdU+ cells were of an unidentified phenotype. 

Fountouiakis, M., Lubec, G. (2001). Decreased brain levels of 2, 3 -cyclic nucleotide-3 -phosphodiesterase in Down syndrome and Alzheimer s disease. Neurobid. Aging 22, 547-553. 

Cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase Lectins Agarose beaded plant lectins 159... 

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of 3, 5 -cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) or 3, 5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to 5 -guanosine monophosphate (GMP) or 5 -adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively. 

Bender AT, Beavo JA (2006) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases molecular regulation to clinical use. Pharmacol Rev 58 488-520... 

Beavo JA (1995) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases functional implications of multiple isoforms. Physiol Rev 75 725-748... 

Essayen DM (2001) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108 671-680... 

Cyclic Nucleotide-binding Domain Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Cyclic Nucleotide-regulated Cation Channels Cyclic Nucleotides Cyclin... 

Weiss, B. and Hart, W. N., Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents, Annual Review of Pharmacol Toxicol, 17, 441, 1977. 

Cyclic nucleotide metabolism cyclic nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Adenylyl cyclase... 

There are several mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effect of flavonoids. The main mechanism seems to be related to the inhibition of protein kinase C or some of the processes activated by this protein. The inhibition of other protein kinases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity and blockage of calcium entry can also contribute to this effect to a greater or lesser extent (Alvarez Castro and Orallo, 2003 Herrera and others 1996). Certain flavonoids, like the flavonol myricetin, have a two-phase action on blood vessels vasoconstrictor in lowest active concentrations and vasodilator in higher concentrations (Alvarez Castro and Orallo, 2003). 

TABLE 21-1 Classification and selected properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases... 

Sharma, R. and Wang, J. H. Differential regulation of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozzymesdby cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 2603-2607,1986. 

Hashimoto,Y., Sharma, R. K. and Soderling, T. R. Regulation of Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by the autophosphorylated form Ca+2/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. J. Biol. Chem. 264 10884-10887,1989. 

Repaske, D., Corbin, J. G., Conti, M. and Goy, M. F. A cyclic GMP-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase gene is highly expressed in the limbic system of the rat brain. Neuroscience 56 673-686,1993. 

Because of its ability to bind CaM, tamoxifen can increase cyclic AMP surges by inhibiting cyclic AMP hydrolysis by the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (Fanidi et al. 1989 Rowlands et al. 1990). In bovine brain preparations, tamoxifen appears to act as a competitive inhibitor of calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase with an IC50 of 2 p,M, similar to the value reported for trifluoperazine under the same experimental conditions (Lam 1984). 

GTP-bound a-subunit activates a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase as described briefly earlier. A benzophenone derivative of cGMP was prepared and found to inhibit several types of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases at low concentrations. In rod outer segment preparations, the [a-32P]-tagged probe... 

PDEc Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase catalytic domain E(MF) 1(1) 6(6) ... 

Huang, W., Zhang, Y., and Sportsman, J.R., A fluorescence polarization assay for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, /. Biomol. Screen., 7, 215, 2002. 

Indolidan has been shown to be a potent highly selective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum [80], being bound more avidly by PDE III than cAMP (Ai = 80 nM)... 

Matsuda Y, Asano K, Kawamoto I, YasuzawaT, Shirahata K, Sano H, Kase H, K-251 compounds, inhibitors of Ca and cahnodulin-. dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Streptoverticillium album, Agric Biol Chem 52 3211-3213, 1988. 

This membrane-bound homodimeric cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) catalyzes the conversion of 3, 5 -cyclic-GMP to form 5 -GMP. 

Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases is widely accepted as the predominant mechanism by which theophylline produces bronchodilation. Phosphodiesterases are enzymes that inactivate cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), second messengers that mediate bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. 

O Donnell, J.M. and Frith, S. (1999) Behavioral effects of family-selective inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 63 185—192. 

When the hormonal stimulus stops, the intracellular actions of cAMP are terminated by an elaborate series of enzymes. cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of enzyme substrates is rapidly reversed by a diverse group of specific and nonspecific phosphatases. cAMP itself is degraded to 5 -AMP by several cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE Figure 2-13). Competitive inhibition of cAMP degradation is one way caffeine, theophylline, and other methylxanthines produce their effects (see Chapter 20). 

Conti, M., Jin, S. L. (1999) The molecular biology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 63, 1-38. 

Appleman, M. M., Thompson, W. J. (1971) Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities from rat brain. Biochemistry 10(2), 311-316. 

Francis, S. H. T. I., Corbin, J. D. (2001) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases relating structure and function. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 65, 1. 

Cyclic AMP, the intracellular second messenger in this system, is short-lived. It is quickly degraded by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase to 5 -AMP (Fig. 12-12, step (7)), which is not active as a second messenger ... 

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