Protective toners

Sepia Intensification Bleach and redevelop sepia toners, such as Ansco 221 Sepia Toner or Kodak T-7a Sulfide Sepia Toner, are more effective than chromium intensifier and will provide maximum archival protection for your negatives. The reason for the latter is explained more fully in Chapter 10,Toning Prints Protective Toners, though simply put, converting an image from silver metal to silver sulfide makes the image as permanent as it possibly can be. 

There are two reasons to tone prints One is to change the color of the image, the other is for longevity. While the two are not mutually exclusive—some formulas both change the color and protect the image—they are not always complementary. For example, prints treated with iron toners, while attaining a rich blue color, often will not last more than a few years. 

Those which bond an inorganic compound directly to the silver in the image, in effect coating it (Formulas Toners Kodak GP-1 and GP-2 Gold Protective Solution and Nelson Gold Toner). 

The sepia/sulfide/hypo alum toners are the most stable as the selenium toners will only protect the shadow areas, not the highlights, unless toning is taken to completion, in which case the entire print will take on a color/tone, which will depend on the paper used. 

With most sulfide/hypo-alum toners the color will be sepia to deep brown depending on the toner, paper, and developer used. However, polysulfide toner at dilutions of 1 100, has been found to protect most papers with little or no color shift. 

The classic formula for gold protective toning is Kodak GP-1 Gold Protective Solution. Like selenium toner, GP-1 not only protects the print but causes a minimum color shift. What shift there may be is toward a slight blue-black that some photographers find pleasing. With some papers, GP-1 will also improve separation in the highlights. 

Major polymer applications sizing agents, binders, protective colloids, photographic papers, toners, fihn, water-soluble laundry bags, seed tapes, sanitary pads, belts, printing rolls, controlled drug delivery, membranes... 

Carbon black is produced industrially in the form of different products (e.g., furnace black, thermal black, channel black, lampblack, acetylene black) with specific properties. In addition to the relevance of carbon black for basic research on adsorption, or as a reference sohd, appUcations of this material in fields such as elastomer reinforcement, as modifier of certain properties of plastics (UV protection, electrical conductance, color), or as xerographic toners make its surface and interfacial properties extremely important. Soot is a randomly formed particulate material similar in nature to carbon black. The main (pragmatic, rather than conceptual) difference between these two carbon forms is that soot is generally formed as an unwanted by-product of incomplete combustion of pyrolysis, whereas carbon black is produced under strictly controlled conditions. Bansal and Donnet [78] have reviewed various possible mechanisms for the formation of soot and carbon black. Soot can retain a number of tars and resins on its surface. There is therefore some interest in studying the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soots, especially those of environmental significance such as diesel soot. 

MAJOR USES Used for making steel, alloys and bricks in furnaces increases resistance and durability in metals protective coating for automotive equipment and accessories chrome plating manufacture of dyes and pigments textiles toner for copying machines treatment of cooling tower water. 

Chemical companies are interested in the development of innovative system solutions, that is, new functional materials in which known molecules are integrated to show new effects. Flavor and fragrance companies are interested to protect and precisely release their valued molecules (the payload ). The polymer industry demands encapsulated curing agents and encapsulated reactants. These are just three examples, out of many, that show that microencapsulation is mainly used for the purpose of protection and controlled release. Since at least a decade, therefore, traditional low-volume markets for microcapsule-based products are expanding to include fine chemicals, adhesives, inks, fragrances, toners, sealants, and detergent manufacturers. ... 

Chem. Descrip. Antimony-doped tin oxide coated onto inert core (mica) Uses Electroconductive additive in coatings and plastics for ESD protection in electronic component pkg., floor/wall coatings, plastics, laminates electrostatic painting (automotive primers) dielec, film and paper toners... 

Storage Heat-sensitive refrigerate protect from iight Uses Vise, controi agent chemicai intermediates acryiic acid comonomer prod, of poiymers and copoiymers base materiai for paint, ieather, paper, and textiies dentai compds. adhesives floor care prods. oii additives toner resins food pkg. 

Kola (Cola acuminata) extract astringent, skin treatment Zinc oxide astringent, toners Kola (Cola acuminata) extract astringent, topical Aluminum chloride hexahydrate astringent, topical hexahydrate Aluminum chloride anhydrous astringent, veterinary medicine Lead acetate trihydrate asymmetric epoxidation, transition metal catalyzed trans-Stilbene a-terpineol precursor 2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-propanol atmosphere protectant, casting magnesium alloys... 

Chains attached to colloidal surfaces provide powerful forces for stabilization. Colloidal particles that normally coagulate from a solvent dispersion can thus be stabilized by adding a small amount of polymer to the dispersion. Such polymer additives are sometimes known as protective colloids, leading to steric stabilization. Both synthetic polymers and biopolymers such as proteins and gelatin are commonly used in both nonpolar and polar solvents. Industrially they are used in paints, toners, emulsions, suspensions, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, and lubricants. 

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