Propyl alcohol conductivity

The tinctura iodi of the British Pharmacopoeia is a soln. of half an ounce of iodine, and a quarter of an ounce of potassium iodide in a pint of rectified spirit. P. Wantig found the mol. ht. of soln. —1 941 Cals., and S. U. Pickering —1 714 per 880 mol. of ethyl alcohol. C. Lowig found that alcoholic tincture of bromine is slowly decomposed in darkness, rapidly in light. Alcoholic soln. of iodine, according to H. E. Barnard, are stable in light and in darkness, but according to J. M. Eder they decompose 1000 times more slowly than chlorine water under similar conditions T. Budde has shown that hydriodic acid, acetic ester, and aldehyde are formed, and the electrical conductivity of the soln. increases. J. H. Mathews and E. H. Archibald and W. A. Patrick found a freshly prepared AT-soln. to have an electrical conductivity of 2 4 XlO-6 reciprocal ohms and a sat. soln., 1 61 X10 4 reciprocal ohms at 25°. The decomposition is accelerated by the presence of platinum. The heat of soln. decreases with concentration from —7 92 to —7 42 cals, respectively for dilute and sat. soln. in methyl alcohol, and likewise from —4 88 to —5 22 cals, for similar soln. in ethyl alcohol. The solubility of iodine in aq. soln. of propyl alcohol is not very different from that in ethyl alcohol. 

The present survey jointly reports on data on the thermal conductivities k(7) of methanol, ethanol and 1-propyl alcohol in the glass and supercooled liquid states. The data were measured under equilibrium vapor pressure in the temperature interval from 2 K - 160 K. 

Methanol propyl-alcohol LiClOa 100 Specific conductance... 

Irradiation of a ferf-butyl alcohol solution of 2-ethoxy-pyrroline-5-one (12) with Vycor filtered light from a 450-W mercury lamp results in formation of ferf-butyl N-(ethoxycyclopropyl) carbamate (13) in 73% isolated yield17,18 When the irradiation is conducted in the non-hydroxylic solvent, tetrahydrofuran, 1-ethoxycyclo-propyl isocyanate (20) can be isolated in 78% yield. Both 13 and 20 can be prepared in synthetically useful quantities. 

The vast majority of modern phosphate esters are synthetic , using materials derived from petrochemical sources. For example, alcohols are from a-olefins by the 0X0 process and iso-propylated or t-butylated phenols are produced from phenols by reaction with propylene or butylene. Reaction of alcohol or phenol with phosphoryl chloride yields the crude product, which is washed, distilled, dried and decolourised to yield the finished product. Low molecular weight trialkyl esters are water soluble and require non-aqueous techniques. For mixed alkylaryl ester production the reactant phenol and alcohol are added separately, the reaction being conducted in a stepwise fashion. Reaction temperatures are kept as low as possible to avoid transesterification reactions. 

The apparatus and the general experimental technique employed were the same as those described earlier 8). Experiments were conducted by the static method in the gas phase. The products of the reaction were released from the bomb at the reaction temperature. Commercial ethylene (99.2% pure), carbon monoxide (prepared in the laboratory by the action of formic acid on concentrated sulfuric acid), distilled water, A.E.. grade n-propyl, and n-butyl alcohols were the reactants used. The ethylene gas contained a small amount of sulfur, which, however, was found to have no deleterious effect on the synthesis. 

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PROPYL AND ISOPROPYL ALCOHOLS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES. 

An example with huge economic relevance is the manufacture of 2-propyl-heptanol (2-PH) as a component of plasticizer alcohols and, on a smaller scale, for use in cosmetics [9]. On an industrial scale, the transformation is commonly conducted as a three-step approach starting with the hydroformylation of isomeric butenes, subsequent aldol reaction of formed -valeraldehyde, and, finally, combined hydrogenation of the C-C double bond and aldehyde group [10]. In a similar process, the production of the plasticizer alcohol 2-ethyl-hexanol (2-EH) is carried out [11, 12]. 

Alcohol content and purity of an acetate ester is determined by gas chromatography. The method was applied to ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and 2-eth-ylhexyl acetates. Water and acetic acid cannot be measured by this method and other methods are used. A thermal conductivity or flame ionization detector is used. A stainless steel column with 80-100 mesh Chromosorb G-HP is used with 9.05% Dow Coming QF-1 and 0.45% Igepal CO-990. The concentration of the main component and the amount of free alcohol are measured by the method. 

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