4-Propyl-4-heptanol

C10H22O 4-propyl-4-heptanol 2198-72-3 467.15 46.517 1,2 21388 C10H22S methyl nonyl sulfide 59973-07-8 500.00 49.559 2... 

Using your roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 1-bromopropane and carbon dioxide into 4-propyl-4-heptanol.You must use 1-bromopropane and carbon dioxide as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way. 

Hexyl-4-acetoxytetrahydrofuran 10039-54-0 Hydroxylamine sulfate Lanalbin B 10042-59-8 Propyl heptanol 10042-67-8 TIPA-stearate... 

Hydroxylamine sulfate Lanalbin B 233-126-1 Propyl heptanol 233-129-8 TIPA-stearate 233-131-9 Strontium nitrate 233-135-0... 

DimethyM-octanol Isodecyl alcohol Propyl heptanol Tetrahydrolinalool... 

Scheme 4.4 Sources of isomeric butenes, subsequent rr-regioselective hydroformylation, and final transformation into 2-propyl-heptanol.

The main application for w-valeraldehyde is its transformation into 2-propyl-heptanol (2-PH) by aldol condensation and subsequent hydrogenation of the product (Scheme 4.4) [33]. Oxeno (now Evonik Industries) combined n-regioselective hydroformylation of Raffinate II with aldol condensation in a two-phase system [34]. Similar to 2-EH, 2-PH is also an important plasticizer alcohol. M-Valeraldehyde is also used as an ingredient in flavoring mixtures. For iso-regioselective hydroformylation of 1-butene, which is of minor economic importance, Dow suggested the use of calixarene-based diphosphites as ligands for rhodium [35]. 

An example with huge economic relevance is the manufacture of 2-propyl-heptanol (2-PH) as a component of plasticizer alcohols and, on a smaller scale, for use in cosmetics [9]. On an industrial scale, the transformation is commonly conducted as a three-step approach starting with the hydroformylation of isomeric butenes, subsequent aldol reaction of formed -valeraldehyde, and, finally, combined hydrogenation of the C-C double bond and aldehyde group [10]. In a similar process, the production of the plasticizer alcohol 2-ethyl-hexanol (2-EH) is carried out [11, 12]. 

The propylene-based chemicals, n- and isobutanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [104-76-7] (2-EH) dominate the product spectmm. These chemicals represent 71% of the world s total oxo chemical capacity. In much of the developed world, plasticizers (qv), long based on 2-EH, are more often and more frequendy higher molecular weight, less volatile Cg, and C q alcohols such as isononyl alcohol, from dimerized normal butenes isodecanol, from propylene trimer and 2-propyl-1-heptanol, from / -butenes and aldol addition. Because of the competition from the higher molecular weight plasticizer alcohols,... 

The Guerbet reaction can be used to obtain higher alcohols 2-propyl-1-heptanol [10042-59-8] from 1-pentanol condensation and 6-methyl-4-nonanol from 2-pentanol (80—83). Condensations with alkah phenolates as the base, instead of copper catalyst, produce lower amounts of carboxyhc acids and requke lower reaction temperatures (82,83). The crossed Guerbet reaction of 1-pentanol with methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide catalyst afforded 2-heptanol in selectivities of about 75% (84). 

HEPTANOL 5-HETHYL-l-HEXANOL ISOPROPYL-TERT-BUTYL-ETHER n-HEPTYL MERCAPTAN BUTYL-PROPYL-SULFIDE ETHYL-PENTYL-SULFIDE HEXYL-METHYL-SULFIDE... 

C10H22O 2-propyl-1-heptanol 10042-59-8 491.05 49,997 1,2 21372 C10H22O3 diethylene glycol-mono-2-methylpentyl ether 10143-56-3 486.78 42.615 2... 

Studies in this field continue with olefins obtained from the following alcohols 3,3-dimethyl-4-ieri-butyl-4-octanol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-ieri-butyl-3-heptanol, 3,3-dimethyl-4-isobutyl-4-ocanol, 3,3,6-trimethyl-4-ri-propyl-4-hexanol, and 3,3,6-trimethyl-4-iso-propyl-4-hexanol. 

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