Proposal color

In journal articles, use color only if needed to convey scientific information and allowed by the journal. In posters and proposals, color may also be used to add visual appeal. (Proposal graphs should also be legible in gray scale, in case reviewers print out a hard copy to read.)... 

The visualization of early stroke area represented by red (2) color is greatly improved with the help of proposed color map. Besides, the proposed color image also enables medical practitioners to pay full attention on suspected infarct area represented by red color in the brain image. Meanwhile, the detection of early infarct area is not solely based on spotting for red color region, but rather comparing the color symmetrically in brain image. With the help of color, medical practitioners will he even more difficult to miss out old infarct represented hy hlack color. Fig. 2 shows the early infarct area. 

Several early interpretations of the polymerization mechanism have been proposed (1,17,29—31). Because of the complexity of this polymerization and insoluble character of the products, key intermediates have not ordinarily been isolated, nor have the products been characterized. Later work, however, on the resinification of furfural (32,33) has provided a new insight on the polymerization mechanism, particularly with respect to thermal reaction at 100—250°C in the absence of air. Based on the isolation and characterization of two intermediate products (9) and (10), stmcture (11) was proposed for the final resin. This work also explains the color produced during resinification, which always is a characteristic of the final polymer (33). The resinification chemistry is discussed in a recent review (5). 

Citations appear in patents as weU as in the journal Hterature, and it has been proposed that they, too, should become searchable to provide different types of usefiil information, such as research trends and estimates of the effectiveness of research organizations. Elaborate techniques for using citation data for such analyses have been developed (19,20). However, citations found in patents can differ in a number of ways from Hterature citations and these differences can strongly color search results (21,22). 

The overall objective of research under way as of ca 1997 is to develop a system of sale by description for fine and medium wools whereby the buyer is presented only with measured data on the principal characteristics of the raw wool, as well as an assessment of the less important characteristics by an independent skilled appraiser (8). A scheme for assessing the risk of the presence of colored fiber content in greasy wool has been proposed which depends on production parameters and on the age and sex of the sheep (5). Instmmentation and computer algorithms for the measurement of style and handle... 

This dissociated zircon is amenable to hot aqueous caustic leaching to remove the siHca in the form of soluble sodium siHcate. The remaining skeletal stmcture of zirconia is readily washed to remove residual caustic. Purity of this zirconia is direcdy related to the purity of the starting zircon since only siHca, phosphate, and trace alkaHes and alkaline earth are removed during the leach. This zirconia, and the untreated dissociated zircon, are both proposed for use in ceramic color glazes (36) (see Colorants for ceramics). 

The need to obtain color hard copies from electronic systems such as TV and video sets, or from personal computers, has been increasing. Several methods have been proposed to obtain hard copies of full color images. Among them, sublimation thermal-transfer printing has the following characteristics the quaHty of the printed color picture is extremely high, and the equipment is compact, quiet, and easy to manipulate as well as to maintain. 

The dyes used in the ink sheet must satisfy various requirements (/) optimum color characteristics of the three primary colors (hue, color density, shape of absorption spectmm) (2) sensitivity, ie, sublimabiHty from ink sheet to acceptor sheet (3) fastness for light and migration and (4) compatibiHty with the resin in the ink sheet. With respect to these characteristics, a large number of anthraquinone dyes have been proposed particularly for magenta and cyan colors. Typical examples are given in Table 8 and Table 9. 

Several basic chromophore stmctures have been proposed for this purpose. Anthraquinone dyes appear to be predominant since they have a wider color range, excellent photostabiHty, good solubiHty in Hquid crystal media, and very high order parameters. Typical basic stmctures of the three primary colors are illustrated in Figure 11. Some examples are given in Table 10. The appropriate combination of three primary colors gives a black display. 

Color Difference Evaluation. Shade evaluation is comparable in importance to relative strength evaluation for dyes. This is of interest to both dye manufacturer and dye user for purposes of quaUty control. Objective evaluation of color differences is desirable because of the well-known variabihty of observers. A considerable number of color difference formulas that intend to transform the visually nonuniform International Commission on Illumination (CIE) tristimulus color space into a visually uniform space have been proposed over the years. Although many of them have proven to be of considerable practical value (Hunter Lab formula, Friele-MacAdam-Chickering (FMC) formula, Adams-Nickerson formula, etc), none has been found to be satisfactorily accurate for small color difference evaluation. Correlation coefficients for the correlation between average visually determined color difference values and those based on measurement and calculation with a formula are typically of a magnitude of approximately 0.7 or below. In the interest of uniformity of international usage, the CIE has proposed two color difference formulas (CIELAB and CIELUV) one of which (CIELAB) is particularly suitable for appHcation on textiles (see Color). 

Ali2arin is a mordant dye forming various colored coordination complexes with different metallic salts (11,12). Based on analytical results, a stmctural formula has been proposed for the ali2artn complex (13). 

Although logwood had been known for several hundred years, it did not achieve technical importance until it was discovered that it combined with metallic salts to give various colored lakes, of which the chrome lake was the most important (81). After an enormous amount of research, the present formulas for the dye components were proposed (82) and later substantiated (83). 

Most of ions do not interfere to the determination of P(V) or As(V). Big access of colored transition metals can be tolerated by using those metals solution as reference solution. It was already shown that high selectivity of the proposed method with respect to metal ions gave the opportunity to determine phosphoms in a number of nonferrous (brass, bronze) and ferrous alloys without preliminai y sepai ation. 

Figure 14.8 Proposed model of p sheet helix of the fibrous form of transthyretin. The repeating unit of the P helix comprises 24 P strands with an average twist of 15° between each strand giving a complete turn of 360°. Four transthyretin polypeptide chains contribute to the repeat unit and are shown here in different colors. (Adapted from C. Blake and L. Serpell, Structure 4 989-998, 1996.)...

Although Otsu et al. [12] have studied the BPO-DMA system by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique and trapped the aminomethyl radical, there is still a lack of direct proof of the above second step, particularly concerning the behavior of the aminium radical salt. We [13] have proposed the aminium radical salt with purple color through this reaction of DMT with CCI4 in the presence of O2 following the displacement reaction as ... 

A number of methods have been proposed for the detection of rancidity. The determination of active oxygen consists of dissolving the fat in a suitable medium such as chloroform and acetic acid, adding potassium iodide, and titrating the liberated iodine with a standard thiosulfate solution (16, 20). This is perhaps the most widely used method at the present time. Another procedure which has been proposed for the detection of peroxides employs ferrous ammonium sulfate and ammonium thiocyanate in acetone. The resulting red color of ferric thiocyanate is measured spectrophotometrically, and is said by the authors to yield more reproducible results than do the usual titration methods (21). 

Addition of styrene to a green solution of naphthalene" Na+ in tetrahydrofuran leads to an instantaneous change of color from green to red. Styrene polymerizes rapidly and quantitatively within a few seconds, and when the reaction is completed, addition of water converts the red solution of polystyryl carbanions into colorless solution of polystyrene. After precipitation of the polymer it was shown spectroscopically25 that the residual solution contains an amount of naphthalene equal to that used in the preparation of the initiating catalyst. This observation confirms the proposed mechanism of initiation of the polymerization. 

According to Branchini et al. (2004), luciferase modulates the emission color by controlling the resonance-based charge delocalization of the anionic keto-form of oxyluciferin in the excited state. They proposed the structure C5 as the yellow-green light emitter, and the structure C6 as the red light emitter. 

Maizite. Expl with a yellow color, resembling that of maize, proposed in 1886 for shell loading. Examples are a) NH4 picrate 60.59, NH4 nitrate 39.41% b) NH4 picrate 27.76, NH4 ni trate 72.24%. The latter mixt was very insensitive to shock or flame (Ref 2)... 

According to Urbanski (Ref 35), Hantzsch proposed that PA exists in two forms a colorless form (I) and two equivalent colored quinoid forms (II) ... 

Ionic polysulfides dissolve in DMF, DMSO, and HMPA to give air-sensitive colored solutions. Chivers and Drummond [88] were the first to identify the blue 83 radical anion as the species responsible for the characteristic absorption at 620 nm of solutions of alkali polysulfides in HMPA and similar systems while numerous previous authors had proposed other anions or even neutral sulfur molecules (for a survey of these publications, see [88]). The blue radical anion is evidently formed by reactions according to Eqs. (5)-(8) since the composition of the dissolved sodium polysulfide could be varied between Na2S3 and NaaS with little impact on the visible absorption spectrum. On cooling the color of these solutions changes via green to yellow due to dimerization of the radicals which have been detected by magnetic measurements, ESR, UV-Vis, infrared and resonance Raman spectra [84, 86, 88, 89] see later. 

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