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Although many researchers ackowledged that there was some inconsistency in using a larger basis set for the complex than for the monomers, there was initial reluctance to accept the counterpoise procedure as a valid means to correct the problem when it was first introduced. The chief source for this skepticism lay in the numerical results. Many of the early calculations of H-bonded complexes relied on fairly small and inflexible basis sets. It is now known that bases of this type tend toward potentials that are much less attractive than the true potential. Limitations of the era also prohibited application of correlation in most cases, eliminating a major attractive component. As a result, the H-bond attractions corresponding to these treatments are much too weak. It was only the superposition errors that were hidden in the calculations that permitted the final results to be even slightly attractive. In other words, if one does not analyze the results carefully, one can easily be misled since the spurious attractive nature of the BSSE can compensate in some sense for the unsatisfactory character of the calculations themselves. [Pg.25]

The court subsequently overturned the criminal indictment, ruling that the OSHA PSM regulation was so ambiguous a reasonable person could not have determined whether it applied to the defendant s activities and that the Administrative Procedures Act prohibits application of OSHA s informal interpretations in a criminal case (Surrick, Judge R. Barclay, United States of America v. Irl "Chip" Ward, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Sept. 5, 2001). [Pg.36]

Fig. 1.1 Schematic microstructure of a ceramic with various light-scattering sources (1) a grain boundary, (2) residual pores, (3) secondary phase, (4) double refraction, (5) inclusions and (6) surface roughness in ceramics prohibits applications in optics. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2008, Nature Publishing Group... Fig. 1.1 Schematic microstructure of a ceramic with various light-scattering sources (1) a grain boundary, (2) residual pores, (3) secondary phase, (4) double refraction, (5) inclusions and (6) surface roughness in ceramics prohibits applications in optics. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2008, Nature Publishing Group...
Clean Water Act, Section 1 Requires action to prohibit Applicable to discharge of 1... [Pg.281]

However, in many applications the essential space cannot be reduced to only one degree of freedom, and the statistics of the force fluctuation or of the spatial distribution may appear to be too poor to allow for an accurate determination of a multidimensional potential of mean force. An example is the potential of mean force between two ions in aqueous solution the momentaneous forces are two orders of magnitude larger than their average which means that an error of 1% in the average requires a simulation length of 10 times the correlation time of the fluctuating force. This is in practice prohibitive. The errors do not result from incorrect force fields, but they are of a statistical nature even an exact force field would not suffice. [Pg.22]

Offsets Policy Offsets were EPAs first application of the concept that one source could meet its environmental protection obligations by getting another source to assume additional control actions. In nonattainment areas, pollution from a proposed new source, even one that controls its emissions to the lowest possible level, would aggravate existing violations of ambient air-quahty standards and trigger the statutory prohibition. The offsets policy provided these new sources with an alternative. The source could proceed with construction plans, provided that ... [Pg.2158]

Incineration with heat recovery Energy in the form of steam None Markets for steam required proven in numerous full-scale applications air-quality regulations possibly prohibiting use... [Pg.2246]

The use of a squirrel cage motor is, however, inevitable as discussed earlier particularly for a process plant or a power house application, where downtime for maintenance of a slip-ring motor is unwelcome, or a chemical plant or contaminated locations, where the application of a slipring motor is prohibitive. To meet such load requirements with a squirrel cage motor, the use of fluid couplings to start the motor lightly and reduce starting time, is quite common and economical, as discussed in Chapter 8, and must be adopted in the above case. [Pg.190]

The first methacrylic esters were prepared by dehydration of hydroxyisobutyric esters, prohibitively expensive starting points for commercial synthesis. In 1932 J. W. C. Crawford discovered a new route to the monomer using cheap and readily available chemicals—acetone, hydrocyanic acid, methanol and sulphuric acid— and it is his process which has been used, with minor modifications, throughout the world. Sheet poly(methyl methacrylate) became prominent during World War II for aircraft glazing, a use predicted by Hill in his early patents, and since then has found other applications in many fields. [Pg.399]

Prohibition of eating, drinking, smoking, application of cosmetics etc. in contaminated areas. [Pg.114]

Few procedures are available for the synthesis of steroid thiiranes because the rigidity of the steroid nucleus prohibits the application of many methods of thiirane synthesis. The only general methods involve the con-... [Pg.37]

Type II Flame arresters acceptable for in-line applications. Type II arresters shall be specifically tested widi the inclnsion of all pipes, tees, bends, cowls, weather hoods, etc., which may be fitted between die arrester and the atmosphere. Owing to the prohibitive cost of testing deflagration flame arresters for each particular installation, the Type II (in-line) category is generally not enconntered. [Pg.154]

Interests in the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) have grown steadily for the past several years [68-70]. The use of PTC has recently received industrial importance in cases where the alternative use of polar aprotic solvents would be prohibitively expensive [71-74]. Thus, the potential application of the phase transfer catalyzed aromatic nucleophilic displacement reactions between phenoxide or thiophenoxide and activated systems has... [Pg.42]

This trade-off may not even occur in some cases. Membranes used in the PEMFC have been developed for the chlor-alkali industry and have 40,000-hour durability (shutdowns are prohibitively expensive in stationary applications), require only 5,000-hour durability (corresponding Co 100,000 miles) for automotive applications. Hence, it maybe possible to develop less expensive membranes that still meet automotive requirements. [Pg.529]

In general, pneumatic systems are less expensive to manufacture and operate, but there are factors that prohibit their universal application. The compressibility of air, as any gas, limits the operation of pneumatic systems. For example, a pneumatic cylinder cannot maintain... [Pg.583]

This limitation prohibits the use of most microprocessor-based vibration analyzers for complex machinery or machines with variable speeds. Single-channel data-acquisition technology assumes the vibration profile generated by a machine-train remains constant throughout the data-acquisition process. This is generally true in applications where machine speed remains relatively constant (i.e., within 5 to fO rpm). In this case, its use does not severely limit diagnostic accuracy and can be effectively used in a predictive-maintenance program. [Pg.699]

For alkaline storage batteries requirements are often demanded exceeding by far those for lead storage batteries. The reason is that the suitable materials for the positive electrode are very expensive (silver oxide, nickel hydroxide) and thus the use of these storage batteries is only justified where requirements as to weight, number of cycles, or temperature range prohibit other solutions. Besides a few standardized versions — mainly for nickel-cadmium batteries — this has led to the existence of a large diversity of constructions for special applications [4-6, 108, 109],... [Pg.282]

CAUTION NOTE Hydrazine is toxic, and suitable precautions for its handling should be observed. Its use is usually prohibited in hospitals, the food manufacturing industry, and where steam may come into contact with food or beverages. The use of sodium sulfite may also be unacceptable in some of these applications. The existence of any regulations governing the use of either should be ascertained and observed. [Pg.578]

This type of work is not an exact science. Consequently, other inspection and measurement methods are employed as an aid in identifying corrosion, deposition buildup, structural integrity flaws, and other types of problems. Methods employed generally are various types of NDT, and the protocols are widely used in preventive or predictive PV maintenance programs, especially for boiler plants used in continuous process applications, where a shutdown may be several years hence. Nevertheless, there is a drawback to the use of some types of NDT programs in that lengthy downtimes may be necessary to complete the testing work. Clearly, these can be cost-prohibitive. [Pg.622]

Although its cost prohibits its use in many applications, the alkali fuel cell is the primary fuel cell used in the aerospace industry. [Pg.639]


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