Requirement average

The detection of residual austenite in fact requires average frequency, however for comparison reasons (reference) with a different recognized method, it is recommended to use high frequency, as with high frequency of eddy currents the penetration depth is comparable in the diffraction method and eddy current method. 

Since tire charge variables are quenched tire tliennodynamics of tire system requires averaging tire free energy using tire distribution P(X), i.e. 

Using (C2.5.A2)-(C2.5.A4) tire required average can be carried out. This leads to a complicated expression for... 

Simulations. In addition to analytical approaches to describe ion—soHd interactions two different types of computer simulations are used Monte Cado (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD). The Monte Cado method rehes on a binary coUision model and molecular dynamics solves the many-body problem of Newtonian mechanics for many interacting particles. As the name Monte Cado suggests, the results require averaging over many simulated particle trajectories. A review of the computer simulation of ion—soUd interactions has been provided (43). 

Once we know the required timescale of the evolution of an average, we can present the required average in the form... 

With the selected RSM and PMD machine rates, all equipment and processes are sized to achieve the required average weekly output of 3,600 155-mm H projectiles, 1,440 155-mm VX projectiles, 720 8-inch GB projectiles, or 1,440 rockets (VX or GB) per week. If the actual average operating hours achieved during the munition processing campaigns exceed 72 hours per week, the plant would complete operations ahead of schedule. 

Simple MC methods generate randomly chosen independent configurations, and then obtain the required averages of properties by taking into account the equilibrium statistical weights... 

We focus herafter on the random elastic stress, which is obtained by replacing F ) by F " in Eq. (2.393). To evaluate the required average over... 

When we average n spectra, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by fn. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2 requires averaging four spectra. To improve the sig-nal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 10 requires averaging 100 spectra. Spectroscopists record as many as 104 to 105 scans to observe weak signals. It is rarely possible to do better than this because instrumental instabilities cause drift in addition to random noise. 

Figure 5. Required averaging times to achieve SNR = 2 at [HO] - 1 x 106 cm3, for FAGE2 (solid line) and FAGE3 (dashed line) instruments versus laser power. ForFAGE2 H, single pass 0, multipass. (Reproduced with permission from reference 80. Copyright 1992.)...

What is the required average temperature of the jacket required to maintain a constant reaction temperature at 80 °C The heat transfer coefficient is... 

Unlike the MD technique, the MC method does not describe the dynamic properties of a system but rather gives only information on the distribution function in the phase space. For the calculation of the energy change as a result of a transition, one can use the same energy functionals as those in MD. The length of the step in the phase space is usually adjusted to achieve the required average probability of step occurrence. 

When the slope is rational [cf. Fig. 5(a)], e possesses a time-periodic trajectory within the unit square of total length L. The required average [Eq. (7.16)] can then be computed as... 

Pharmacists Meeting Competency Requirements % Average Score on Exams Per Pharmacist... 

Threshold 100% pharmacists complete competency requirements Average exam score >80%... 

Approximate engineering and construction staff requirements average and peak. 

Kerssebaum et al. (1992) demonstrated that for a desired usable bandwidth the required average rf power can be decreased if... 

Calculation of electronegativities from bond energies requires averaging over a number of compounds to cancel out experimental uncertainties and other minor effects. Methods that use ionization energies and other atomic properties can be calculated more directly. The electronegativities reported here and in Appendix B-4 are suitable for most uses, but the actual values for atoms in molecules may differ from this average, depending on their electronic environment. 

B(t) is the scattering amplitude of a particle, which depends on the particle polarizability at given orientation. B(t) changes with time due to reorientation of the particle. If the scatterers are spherical, B(t) is constant and Cg(x) = 1. Note that Cg(x) does not depend on the scattering angle and can be calculated if the polarizability tensor and the rotational diffusion tensor of the particles are known. The calculation of CJi q,x) requires averaging of the translational diffusion tensor of the particle over all possible orientations to obtain the averaged translational diffusion coefficient. 

Numerical models have also been applied to simulate macrodispersion in spatially variable ksat fields (e.g., Thompson Gelhar, 1990 Moissis Wheeler, 1990 Wheatcraft et al., 1991). This Darcian approach requires averaging of flow over some Representative Elementary Volume (REV). 

Stockman et al. (1997) provide details on the practical problems and limitations of lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann methods in flow and transport simulation. In particular, they focus on errors associated with boundary conditions, the accuracy required for useful comparison with experimental data, programming, and problem size and run-time issues. For lattice gas methods, they find that averaging over a large number of time steps is sometimes needed to resolve the flow velocity field. This limits the applicability of lattice gas methods to flow simulation under steady state or slowly varying conditions. In contrast, dispersive processes alone can be adequately simulated with lattice gasses by averaging a much smaller number of time steps. Lattice Boltzmann methods do not require averaging. 

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