Criminal cases

For use in criminal cases, forensic laboratories in the United States have agreed on 13 core STR loci that are most accurate for identification of an individual. Based on these 13 loci, a Combined DNA Index System (CODTS) has... 

It is not uncommon for individuals under the influence of phencyclidine to come to the attention of the criminal justice system. Increasingly, there is a need for forensic experts to advise and testify in cases involving PCP and other psychoactive drugs. With the publication of a paper on acute intoxication and fatalities from PCP use, we began to receive requests from attorneys to evaluate PCP-related cases (Burns et al. 1975). We have now consulted in over 400 civil and criminal cases and have testified in municipal, superior, and Federal courts from Hawaii to Washington, D.C. 

Then Judge Morris dropped his biggest bombshell. "I do think, though," he finished, "that this whole question is beside the point in a criminal case."... 

I concur in the acquittals on charges of planning and preparation of aggressive war. I concur, though realizing that on the vast volume of credible evidence, a contrary result might as easily be reached by other triers of the facts who would be more inclined to draw the inferences usually warranted in criminal cases. The issues of fact are truly so close as to cause genuine concern whether or not justice has actually been done. 

The criminal case regarding the Columbine Massacre will remain open indefinitely because there is no statute of limitations for the crime of murder. However, questions about protecting our children at school will remain forever. No one expected that our sense of security would be threatened — by our own children. It has been threatened time-and-time-again, and there seems to be no solution or remedy at hand. 

In criminal cases, the availability of readable fingerprints is often critical in establishing evidence of a major crime. It is necessary, therefore, to follow proper procedures when taking fingerprints. In major cases, prints should be obtained from all persons who may have touched areas associated with a crime scene, for elimination purposes. 

DNA profiling is also referred to as DNA fingerprinting and DNA typing. It is used in paternity identification, classification of plants, criminal cases, identification of victims, heredity (of living, recently deceased, and anciently deceased), etc. DNA profiling is a tool that allows comparison of DNA samples. 

United Nations. United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation. New York United Nations, 1998. A nation-by-nation summary of firearm regulations, including statistics on criminal cases, suicides and accidents related to firearms, and information about international illicit trafficking in firearms. 

As a result of increased exposure to the work of forensic scientists, juror selection has become more difficult, since jurors now expect prosecutors to provide evidence as easily and as rapidly as seen on television. In selecting a jury panel, lawyers are aware that these television programs may influence jurors (called the CSI effect ) and the absence of expected evidence might work against the prosecutor in criminal cases. 

Forensic toxicologists are generally employed by federal, state, and local government crime laboratories, which may be affiliated with the medical examiner s office from which they receive fluids and tissues for analysis. They often work on criminal cases and usually testify for the office of the district attorney, the prosecutor. Forensic toxicologists may also be involved in drug testing in... 

As an example of an actual criminal case, two defendants were accused of raping a woman they had invited to their apartment. They claimed that the victim drank herself into a stupor within about 30 minutes after arrival, that she imagined the rape occurred, and that she left on her own about four hours later. The victim testified that she had two beers and one scotch within a 2.5-hour period. At some point she excused herself to make a phone call. Shortly after she returned and finished her drink, she felt dizzy and lost consciousness. She awoke briefly to find herself being raped but was weak, in a dreamlike state, and could not speak or move. She was able... 

Moenssens. A.. F.E. Imbau. and I.E. Slam Srienlifit F.cideme In Criminal Cases. 

Autoxidation of an impurity of meperidine (XII) leads to the aroma-tization product (XIII) (57) (Fig. 10). Some time ago, this was the major feature in an important criminal case, because this impurity, found in a drug manufactured illicitly, produced a severe parkinsonian syndrome in men. The tetrahydropyridine ring, not uncommon in pharmaceuticals, easily gives aromatization. In fact, the allylic methylene group adjacent to the nitrogen atom is activated and two dihydropyridine molecules formed by this oxidation may disproportionate to the finally aromatized product and to the starting material (57). 

Kugler W. (2003). X-ray diffraction analysis in the forensic science The last resort in many criminal cases. Adv. X Ray Anal. 46, 1-16. 

The SEM has proved to be an invaluable instrument in its application to forensic evidence materials. Several widely different successful applications of the SEM-EDA instrumentation to actual criminal cases have been presented. 

A. Sample collection. A series of test firings was conducted under known conditions and hand swab samples were obtained immediately for examination by NAA or AAS. Firings were conducted indoors using a Smith and Wesson Model 1, . 38 caliber revolver. This weapon was selected as being representative of weapons encountered in actual criminal cases. Ammunition used for all tests was Remington/Peters. 

Analysis of the phosphorescence decay curves in Fig. 6 indicates a variation in the decay curves for different individuals and suggests the possible use of the decay curves for individualization of hair samples. We therefore undertook a more extensive investigation of the phosphorescence decay curves. Because frequently only a limited number of hair samples are available in a criminal case, we refined our techniques so that we could observe the phosphorescence spectra and decay curves for single strands of hair. 

I have been a medical expert in criminal cases involving abnormal behavior, including theft and violence, related to Xanax intoxication. I have also been an expert in civil suits involving suicide related to Halcion. 

Jerusalem District Court, Criminal Case No. 373/86, verdict against Ivan (John) Demjanjuk, p. 2 Diesel motors , p. 7 SU-tanks V12 Diesel engines with 500/550 hp. 

In reply to an inquiry the Ministry of Justice of the Federal Land of Baden-Wurttemberg has stated that in the time between the end of 1994 and mid-1996, in Baden-Wurttemberg alone, there were 32 cases of preliminary proceedings being instituted against private individuals for their multiple purchases of such books.40 Projected to cover all of Germany, this figure indicates some 250 to 300 such criminal cases. 

Drug Screening in Non-fatal Criminal Cases and Traffic Offences... 

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