Progesterone gel

Each rectal suppository contains 12.5, 25, or 50 mg promethazine hydrochloride with ascorbyl palmitate, silicon dioxide, white wax, and cocoa butter. Promethazine hydrochloride is a racemic compound the empirical formula is C17H2oN2S HC1, and its molecular weight is 

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Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman R, Hedon B, Nicollet B, Prada Y, Antoine JM, Zambrano R, Donnez J. Luteal support after in-vitro fertilization Crinone 8%, a sustained release vaginal progesterone gel, versus Utrogestan, an oral micronized progesterone. Hum Reprod 1996 ll(10) 2085-9. 

Damario, M.A., et al. 1999. Crinone 8% vaginal progesterone gel results in a lower embryonic implantation efficiency after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 72 830. 

Kleinstein, J. (2005), Efficacy and tolerability of vaginal progesterone capsules (Utrogest 200) compared with progesterone gel (Crinone 8%) for luteal phase support during assisted reproduction, Fertil. Steril., 83,1641-1649. 

The next publication appeared in 1984. Venton et al. [67] entrapped antiprogesterone antiserum into a sol-gel derived silica. It retained about 56 % of progesterone binding capacity. The authors mentioned the considerable promise of the sol-gel technique for biopolymer immobilization, but their study was not further continued. 

Conventional vaginal delivery systems include tablets, foams gels, suspensions, and pessaries. Mucoadhesive gel formulations based on polycarbophil have been reported to remain 3 to 4 days at the vaginal tissue, providing an excellent vehicle for the delivery of progesterone and nonoxynol-9 [66]. 

Progesterone capsules and gel Progesterone supplementation or replacement as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment for infertile women with progesterone deficiency (8% gel). 

Warren MP, Biller BM, Shangold MM. A new clinical option for hormone replacement therapy in women with secondary amenorrhea effects of cyclic administration of progesterone from the sustained-release vaginal gel Crinone (4% and 8%) on endometrial morphologic features and withdrawal bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 180(1 Pt l) 42-8. 

It was shown that liposomes, due to their structure, have a retarding effect on the incorporated drug release. In early studies, Knepp et al. reported that progesterone release from agarose gel was faster than from liposomes embedded in the gel [29]. This retarding release behavior from liposomes was further confirmed by a lower drug transport rate as compared to the gel measured across hairless mouse skin [30], Another study by Foldvari et al. [8] examined the... 

Therapeutically used types of estrogens and prog-estins are listed in Tables 30-4 and 30-5. Both types of hormones can be administered in their natural form (estradiol and progesterone), and several synthetic derivatives of each type are also available. Most of the drugs listed in Tables 30-4 and 30-5 are available as oral preparations, and many conditions can be conveniently treated by oral administration. These hormones may also be administered transdermally via patches, creams, or gels the transdermal route may offer certain advantages, such as decreased side effects and liver problems.86,130 Certain preparations can be... 

Cicinelli E, de Ziegler D, Alfonso R, et al. Endometrial effects, bleeding control, and compliance with a new postmenopausal hormone therapy regimen based on transdermal estradiol gel and every-other-day vaginal progesterone in capsules a 3-year pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2005 83 1859-1863. 

Tables VI and VII ). On the other hand, capric acid and decylmethyl sulfoxide showed a dual effect on the hydrophilic protein gel and also on the lipophilic fatty matrix. In the case of capric acid, the overall enhancement in the permeation of progesterone was increased by 354%, in which the protein gel pathway and fatty matrix pathway contribute approximately equally (with enhancement factor of 15.3 vs. 13.0). In the case of decylmethyl sulfoxide, the overall enhancement was improved by 515% (40.2 vs. 7.8).

The use of conventional topical formulations for transdermal drag delivery is presently limited to classic ointments for nitroglycerin, and some gel formulations of estradiol and progesterone. Although of demonstrated efficacy, these vehicles are often inelegant and result in poor reproducibility of the delivered dose (and hence of the provoked pharmacological effect). This variability, of course, originates in the... 

Because of the beneficial effects of the vaginal delivery of estrogens and progesterone in comparison to their oral delivery, various vaginal preparations (tablets, suppositories, gels, rings) of these agents are now available, for use ... 

Cholestenone (derived from unreacted cholesterol) and progesterone were separated from deoxycorticosterone acetate (internal standard) by normal phase chromatography on a TSK-gel silica 150 column (4 mm x 250 mm)... 

The use of silica gel surfaces to modify photoprocesses continues to be of interest. The present report deals with photoaddition of alkenes to the steroidal enone (44).It is presumed that, in the adsorbed state on silica gel, the steroid will present the normally hindered side, i.e., the g-face is attacked by the alkene and the a-face is adsorbed on to the gel. The photoadditions were compared with those carried out in methanol. Thus with allene the two photoproducts (45) and (46) were obtained in 90 and 10% yields, respectively, at -78 °C in methanol, while on silica gel, both at -78 °C and at ambient temperature, the same two products were obtained in 46 and 53% yield. Similar results were obtained using ethene and cyclopentene. The photocycloaddition of ethyne and propyne to progesterone and testosterone in solution yields the cycloadducts (47) and (48), with a preference for the former mode of addition being observed. These results are in conflict with those of de Mayo and co-workers. ... 

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