Progesterone micronized

Prometrium , which contains natural micronized progesterone in a peanut oil base. 

The most commonly used oral progestogens are medroxyprogesterone acetate, micronized progesterone, and norethisterone acetate. 

Dydrogesterone0 Medroxyprogesterone acetate Micronized progesterone Norethisterone0 Norethindrone acetate NorgestreP LevonorgestreF... 

Progesterone is rapidly absorbed following administration by any route. Its half-life in the plasma is approximately 5 minutes, and small amounts are stored temporarily in body fat. It is almost completely metabolized in one passage through the liver, and for that reason it is quite ineffective when the usual formulation is administered orally. However, high-dose oral micronized progesterone preparations have been developed that provide adequate progestational effect. 

Progesterone capsules contain micronized progesterone for oral administration. Capsules are available in multiple strengths to afford dosage flexibility for optimum management. Capsules contain 100 or 200 mg micronized progesterone. The inactive ingredients for 100 mg cap-... 

Oral post-menopausal estrogen replacement therapy increases circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein, but in 68 women who took a combination of transdermal 17-beta-estradiol and micronized progesterone there was no significant effect of transdermal estrogen on C-reactive protein concentrations compared with placebo (86). 

Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman R, Hedon B, Nicollet B, Prada Y, Antoine JM, Zambrano R, Donnez J. Luteal support after in-vitro fertilization Crinone 8%, a sustained release vaginal progesterone gel, versus Utrogestan, an oral micronized progesterone. Hum Reprod 1996 ll(10) 2085-9. 

However, progesterone, in a finely micronized form, is marketed (Prometrium) in large-dose capsules (100 mg and 200 mg) forthe treatment of some menstrual conditions. Micronization increases the bioavailability of insoluble APIs (see Chemical Engineering). 

Furthermore, vaginal administration of micronized progesterone has been shown to enhance progesterone delivery to the uterus by about 10-fold in comparison to im injection, despite the markedly higher (about 7-fold) circulating drag concentration achieved with im injection. Uterine selectivity after vaginal... 

Cicinelli, E., Cignarelli, M., Sabatelli, S., Romano, F., Schonauer, L. M., Padovano, R., and Einer-Jensen, N. (1998), Plasma concentrations of progesterone are higher in the uterine artery than in the radial artery after vaginal administration of micronized progesterone in an oil-based solution to postmenopausal women, Fertil. Steril., 69, 471—473. 

Dydrogesterone° Medroxyprogesterone acetate Micronized progesterone l lorethisterone° Norethindrone acetate NorgestreP LevonorgestreP... 

Kimzey, L. Gumowski, J. Merriam, G. Grimes, G., Jr. Nelson, L., Jr. Absorption of micronized progesterone from a nonliquefying vaginal cream. Fertil. Steril. 1991, 56, 995-996. 

With these very positive conclusions it is not clear why micronized progesterone has not been more widely used. Commercial factors may well have played a role in maintaining the overwhelming dominance of the patented synthetic progestogens. On the other hand, despite the fact that there are estimated to be 500 000 current users of micronized progesterone in France alone, the worldwide scope of experience is stiU limited compared with that of the sjmthetic analogues, and one must be prepared for surprises if this product should ever be used more widely. It... 

The PRID (progesterone-releasing intravaginal device), which consists of a stainless steel spiral covered with a silicone elastomer, with micronized progesterone (1.55 or 2.25 g) uniformly dispersed throughout. 

The CIDR 1380 Cattle Insert, which is a T-shaped delivery system comprising a nylon spine that gives form to the device, over which a layer of silicone is cured, and 1.38 g (10%w/w) of USP grade micronized progesterone is dispersed homogeneously throughout it. 

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