Production statistics manufacture

Production statistics on alkanolamines are not available, but they are sold in thousand-ton quantities and are available for bulk shipment except for DMAMP, AB, TRIS AMINO, and AMPD (the latter two being crystalline soHds). TRIS AMINO concentrate is available in bulk. AMPD is manufactured only in low volumes to meet limited demand in certain specialized uses. Similarly, 2-AB is manufactured only to meet demand for one end use. 

Census of Manufacturers Vol. II, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Product Statistics, Table 6A S. Colwell, Soap Cos. Chem. Spec. 71, 32 (1995). 

U.S. production volumes of trichloroethylene in recent years have been reported as follows 299 million pounds in 1978, 319 million in 1979, 266 million in 1980, 258 million in 1981, and 200 million in 1982 (USITC 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983). U.S. production demand for trichloroethylene in 1983, 1985, and 1986 is estimated to be 235, 180, and 170 million pounds, respectively (CMR 1983, 1986). The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has not published more recent production statistics because there are only two U.S. manufacturers (HSDB 1994). 

Clinical evaluation entailed administration to 45 MPS I patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The primary efficacy outcomes assessed were forced vital capacity and distance walked in 6 min, both of which were statistically higher relative to placebo after 26 weeks of treatment. The most serious adverse reaction noted was that of a severe anaphylactic reaction in one patient. The most common adverse effects reported were respiratory tract infection, rash and injection-site reactions. The product is manufactured by BioMarin Inc. and is distributed by Genzyme Corporation. 

The production of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) may be the largest application for hexamine (40 to 60 million pounds per year). However, since hexamine for this use is manufactured as a captive intermediate (in solution) this segment is usually not included in the production statistics. 

Since 1973, the U.S. International Trade Commission has reported the manufacture and sales of dyes by application class only. In 1972, the last year for which statistics are available by chemical class, 3900 metric tons of triarylmethane dyes were manufactured, which represents approximately 4% of total dyestuff production in the United States. At that time, there were 185 triarylmethane dyes Us ted in the Colour Index. From the latter half of the 1970s through the 1980s, annual dye production in the United States, including triarylmethane dyes, changed very litde. In 1981, methyl violet, with an annual production of 725 t, was the only triarylmethane dye for which production statistics were available. Some triarylmethane dyes were imported, eg, malachite green (163 t in 1981), methyl violet (40 t), new fuchsine (30 t), and other dyes totalling less than 15 t. 

Competition (overall production statistics, comparison of various manufacturing processes, product specifications of competitors)... 

Pesticides are regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The number of active ingredients registered and in production has declined in the last ten years, from over 1,200 active ingredients to 860 in 1993. Of these only 200 are considered major products and manufactured in quantity (see Table 1.5). The table below shows a breakdown of the types of pesticides and numbers in production according to the latest available statistics. 

The difficulty in demonstrating quality is that the tests carried out are designed to detect its absence. For example, the test for sterility (Chapter 20) involves taking samples at random and testing for microorganisms. The absence of microorganisms only allows an estimate of the statistical probability that the batch is sterile. Therefore it is important that a product be manufactured in a suitable environment by a procedure that minimizes the possibility of contamination occurring. At the end of this process the tests can be performed as an additional measure. 

The United Nations Statistical Yearbook (2) contains statistics for countries throughout the world on population, manpower, land use, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, mining and quarrying, manufacture (for a selected group of important products such as foods and fuels), external trade, balance of payments, national income, currency arid credits, public finance, social welfare, and education. Production statistic include data for suhuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acid, caustic soda, superphosphates, nitrogenous fertilizers, benzoV phosphate rock, potash, and sulfur. 

Some of the data issued by the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, will be of interest to those concerned with statistics of the plastics industry. In the Census of Manufactures—1947 there is a section on industrial organic chemicals 22) and one on plastics products miscellaneous manufactures 23). Each section is available as a separate publication. The former includes statistics on the plastics materials industry while the latter concerns the plastics products industry. Presented in each section are data on employment, pay rolls, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, cost of raw materials, expenditures for plants and equipment, and other categories. The next complete census of manufactures will be made in 1954 to cover 1953. An annual survey is published 25) j but the information is not nearly as comprehensive as that in the Census of Manufactures. ... 

Phase II focuses upon process development to result in a pilot production line capable of producing 300 bipolar plates per hour. Our goal is a complete functional pilot line, including all relevant quality assurance, failure mode and effects analysis, and statistical manufacturing characterization processes. This will be completed by transferring the most promising mass-production technique to laiger-scale and continuous equipment operation in a dedicated production line. 

Management Unstructured interview Collect statistics Manufacturing measures of productivity, yield throughput, types of defects job descriptions, injury and absenteeism rates... 

The temperature which marks the beginning of thermal cracking (pyrolysis) must be known for the production and manufacture of bitumens. This temperature may be determined according to the method of Z. Adony [4-14] (see chapter 4.2.7). The results of such an evaluation are given in Table 4-66. These values, T, do not correlate with analysis or consistency data, so statistical evaluation was used (Tables 4-67 and 4-68). 

Control charts were originally developed in the 1920s as a quality assurance tool for the control of manufactured products.Two types of control charts are commonly used in quality assurance a property control chart in which results for single measurements, or the means for several replicate measurements, are plotted sequentially and a precision control chart in which ranges or standard deviations are plotted sequentially. In either case, the control chart consists of a line representing the mean value for the measured property or the precision, and two or more boundary lines whose positions are determined by the precision of the measurement process. The position of the data points about the boundary lines determines whether the system is in statistical control. 

Abrasives have evolved iato an essential component of modem iadustry. Sandstone, emery, and comndum were the abrasives of choice until the late 1800s when artificial materials were developed. Today synthetic abrasives offer such improved performance that the natural ones have been largely replaced except for jobs where cost is paramount. In 1987 U.S. statistics (4) showed natural abrasive production to be about 7 million while that of cmde manufactured abrasives was over 182 million. Total value of abrasives and abrasive products worldwide is estimated to be over 6 biUion dollars. 

Manufacturing processes have been improved by use of on-line computer control and statistical process control leading to more uniform final products. Production methods now include inverse (water-in-oil) suspension polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, and continuous aqueous solution polymerization on moving belts. Conventional azo, peroxy, redox, and gamma-ray initiators are used in batch and continuous processes. Recent patents describe processes for preparing transparent and stable microlatexes by inverse microemulsion polymerization. New methods have also been described for reducing residual acrylamide monomer in finished products. 

About 88% of Hon powder production is used in the manufacture of P/M parts and friction materials. Detailed statistical data are available (16). About 86% of the copper and copper-base powder produced is used in the production of self-lubricating bearings and P/M parts. 

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