Production business models

The development of start-up companies in the field of micro-systems technology, including microfluidics, has been reviewed by Wicht et al. [244]. Different types of business models are presented as well as the corresponding growth models. The development of start-ups in Germany in the last 10 years is presented and the product offer is discussed. This is compared with the situation in other European countries. Finally, information on problems and opportimities for the start-ups is provided. 

Redesign the business system. Create a new business model in which product, production system, delivery system, supply chain and customer care may all be changed. 

The N-Zyme Biotec business model unites three areas synergistically (i) strategic alliances in R D, (ii) a module-based services system for the manufacture and modification of proteins, and (iii) product development. Mainly oriented to the Health Sector, its capabilities could be extended to other industries. 

Using these performance indicators for benchmarking is usually very complex due to the diversity of production processes and business models. For example, processing special chemistry in batch processes usually leads to higher fixed costs... 

G Yu, Fabless Business Models for OLED Products. OLEDS 2004, San Diego, 2004. 

One business model may be common to many component designs. For example, an insurance company with many products and procedures may construct a business model to gain a clear understanding of what goes on in the company. The model can be used both to help improve the business organization and to serve as the basis for the specification of various support software. The business model will therefore be unbiased toward any particular software design. 

You write business models and requirements documents by talking with people who know the business and will use the product that you are designing. They may be end users, or... 

Frameworks Across the business models and system specification, there often are generic problem frameworks that appear in specific forms. For example, the business description (and hence system spec) for a seminar company might have frameworks for resource allocation (assign instructors and rooms), inventory and production (maintain course notes inventory for deliveries), and customer loyalty (monitor product preferences... 

Thirdly, the service sector covering multiple services is characterized by intangible services not requiring a physical production. Industries and specific companies are often not fully classifiable into these categories if mixed business model exist. 

The business model of the innovative pharmaceutical industry is to transform the results of basic medical research into products that provide health benefits to the patient. This model is characterized by a high risk of failure in the development of new products, coupled with the benefit of market exclusivity for a number of years if a product can be successfully developed and is approved by the regulatory agencies. Only very few chemical entities complete the development process from drug discovery to a commercial product. But those products that do reach the marketplace have to yield sufficient financial rewards to assure that the... 

Another collateral effect of the DESI project was the development of the abbreviated NDA, by which a generic version of the innovator product could satisfy the statutory preconditions for entering the market, without repeating the preclinical and clinical studies of the innovator. This administrative creation, designed to assure that generics were both pharmaceutically equivalent and bioequivalent to the pioneer product, was endorsed by Congress in 1984. As will be seen, this development had a staggering impact on the business model of the pharma industry. 

Business model Project-driven Product-driven... 

The first two entries listed in the table, namely, Obsolescence of the big pharma business model and Slump in R D productivity, are of particular relevance to the fine-chemical industry and are dealt with in more detail in the following two sections. They impact the outsourcing policy and consequently the demand for new PFCs. 

The double exposure on innovation and lean production of pharma s present business model. 

Chemical Leasing builds on the concept of the Cleaner Production approach as it is a preventive, environmental, service-oriented business model that aims at improving overall efficiency, enhancing environmental performance and increasing the competitive advantage of industry. 

With the present publication we hope to contribute to the greening of industry and inspire companies all over the world to engage in Cleaner Production and Chemical Leasing business models. 

A tube producing company needs solvents to clean their products before delivery to customers. The classical model and the Chemical Leasing business model are compared with regard to the cleaning of 2 million tubes, always taking into consideration both, the supplier of solvents (chemical producer) and the tube producer (user of chemicals). 

The definition starts by pointing out the service-oriented character of the ChL business model. This is linked to the innovative shift in payment basis from product based payments to payments based on functional units. The extended producer responsibility referred to in the definition results from the ownership of the chemical not being transferred from the supplier to its customer. Remaining the owner of the chemical, the supplier is responsible for... 

Even though ChL is designed to offer advantages to the involved parties, until now ChL is no self-running process. An initiator and some catalysts" are necessary to start the reaction". Possible initiators are international organisations like UNIDO with a worldwide network of National Cleaner Production Centers but also companies which already successfully apply ChL might be a driving force for this business model. 

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