Processing damage

Fig. 3.4.5- Event Tree Scenario Depiction The left side connects to the initiator, the right side to process damage states, the top bar gives the systems in the order that they enter the scenario. The nodes...

Damage to the mitochondria and the intracellular respiratory processes. Damage to this organelle has been detected soon after exposure to the nephrotoxic cephalosporins along with reduced mitochondrial respiration (Fig. 7.35). 

Patton, A. R. Present status of heat-processing damage to protein foods. Nutr. Rev. 1950, 5, 193-6. 

Atherosclerosis, cancer and degenerative brain diseases may result from specific processes in an organ or a cell system and at the same time may be the result of the universal aging process. Damage to DNA by radicals may be a significant contributor to the age-dependent development of cancer (Halliwell, 1994). Diseases associated with oxidative stress, free radicals and metabolites generating free radicals in the body are listed in Table 3.7 (Stahelin, 1999). It is not yet clear, however, whether the oxidative stress is the primary cause of the diseases or whether formation of radicals is a secondary effect of tissue damage caused by the disease. 

Finally, it should be mentioned that apart from chemical and physical deterioration processes, damage on ceramics occurs very often simply by fracturing, during handling in domestic use or due to disasters, such as floods or fires. 

Modifications of food proteins to produce different functional properties, to prevent processing damages, or to improve their nutritional values are not used commercially to a large extent at this time. We hope that this symposium will provide information which will attract interest to this problem. 

Changes in the aggregation state may result in insolubilization of the protein, or its binding (not necessarily through covalent bonds) to other insoluble components. Thus, disappearance of a specific protein from the pool of soluble proteins in a given food may be detected by any of the techniques discussed above, and taken as a reliable index of process damage. A prime example of this simple approach to defining food quality at the molecular level may be the detection of individual whey proteins to define the quality of heat-treated milk. 

Risks may involve process damage and interruption. Risks may involve hazards associated with released process materials or damage to surrounding stractures or containers. 

When Kevlar is used in reinforced composites, the values of tensile modulii may be near to those of the fiber itself, but the tensile strength values for the fibers may be quite different than the composite because of factors such as translation efficiency, possibility of flaws, processing damage, or incorrect fiber orientations. 

Fragile traces Damage during processes Damage from test probe pins... 

Pneumatic stress-induced failures of elastomers are simulated in the laboratory. The samples, polydimethylsiloxane, are saturated with carbon dioxide gas at high pressure and the ambient pressure is rapidly reduced while the processes damage initiation and propagation are monitored visually. In some cases, there appears to be a relation between the failure mechanism and the diffusion of the gas from the sample to the ambient. The reasons for this effect are not clear, although some speculations are provided. 7 refs. 

There is no generally valid rule for preventing processing damage. There is always interaction between materials properties, screw configuration, and throughput, which is why each individual case has to be considered separately [35]. 

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