Processing, and Use Information

In addition to providing data on the chemical identity, all PMN filers must include reasonably ascertainable information on the following topics in Part I of the PMN formd  

http //www.cas.org/products/client/expert/index.html. 

Sometimes the PMN substance will be in a category of chemicals that is subject to a test rule under 4 of TSCA. ° When that happens, the tests required by the test rule must be submitted with the PMN. ° If EPA grants the submitter an exemption from compliance with the test rule because equivalent data is being developed under another test rule, the PMN cannot be filed until that data has been submitted. Note that this could be at least 

If the EPA has issued a rule under TSCA 5(b)(4) designating the PMN substance as one that may present an imreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment, then the PMN submitter must include data showing that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use and disposal of the substance, or any combination of such activities, will not present an imreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. Presumably if there is data that disproves this conclusion it should be submitted also. 

---

Much of the early understanding of protein structures came from extrapolation of rules derived from analysis of small molecules to larger ones. Pauling et al. (146) used information from the crystal structures of individual amino acids and some dipeptides to arrive at the probable hydrogen bonding patterns in proteins, particularly those giving rise to a-helices and /1-sheets. With several macromolecular structures now available, it is desirable to reverse this process and use information from protein crystallography to... 

The rules provide two categories of chemical substances, petroleum process streams, and chemical substances of low interest, with relief from certain information requirements. Manufacturers and importers of chemicals subject to this partial exemption are required to submit lUR data but are not required to submit industrial processing and use information and commercial and consumer use information otherwise required for manufacturers or importers of products in excess of three-hundred thousand pounds at any one site. Inorganic chemical substances had also benefitted from this partial... 

EPA has also designated a list of specific chemical substances, by CAS Number, as exempt from certain information requirements under the lUR because that information would be of low interest. In developing this list, EPA considered, among other things, whether the volume at any site exceeded the three-hundred thousand pound threshold where extensive data submission requirements become applicable the substance s physical and chemical properties and potential for persistence, bioaccumulation, health effects, or environmental effects " information needs of various constituencies availability of other complementary risk screening information comparable processing and use information and whether the potential risks of the substance are adequately managed. ... 

Step 3. If the decision in Step 2 is to proceed with fifing an application for a TME, the MRC shall gather information sufficient to describe the substance s chemical identity, physicochemical properties, manufacturing, processing and use information, test data, other data, and optional pollution prevention... 

Information management (IM) is the management of the processes and systems that create, acquire, organize, store, distribute, and use information. The goal of information management is to help people and organizations access, process, and use information efficiently and effectively (Detlor 2010). 

Let us compare our model of a SHE information system with the way we as human beings collect, process and use information in order to manage our environment. We use our eyes, ears and other sense organs to collect data. We process the data in our brain and relate it to pre-stored information in our memory. We make decisions and execute these through talking, writing, moving, etc. 

The withheld information technique is used to explore the manner in which operators select and use information in process abnormalities. A particular abnormal process event is represented in a control panel "mock-up" or a "low-fidelity" simulator, and information is withheld from the worker until it is requested. This technique has been developed by Marshall et al. (1981) and has been used to elicit the diagnostic plans used by experienced workers during various process transients in a crude distillation imit. There are three main applications of this technique ... 

The main advantages of minimisation are that it achieves good balance on prognostic factors and thereby increases efficiency. However, it has been criticised, particularly deterministic minimisation, for not guaranteeing the imderlying randomness assumed by the statistical methods used to analyse the data. A second disadvantage is that because minimisation is a d)mamic process it uses information on subjects already entered to allocate to future patients. Since these patients may be in other centres the process is usually carried out by a centralised system using the internet, fax or telephone. 

Section 11023, industries are required to submit substance release and off-site transfer information to the EPA. TRI, which contains this information for 1999, became available in 2001. This database is updated yearly and provides a list of industrial facilities producing, processing, and using friable asbestos and their emissions. 

Inventory Update Rule (lUR) (40 CFR 710). The lUR was established in 1986 to require manufacturers and importers of chemicals listed on the master TCSA Inventory to report current data every four years on the production volume of chemicals imported or produced. Food and feed products produced from natural agricultural product, such as oilseeds, are not required to be reported but all oU and meal products obtained by solvent extraction that is sold for other than food or feed use (e.g., oils as chemical raw materials and meal as fertilizer) are. Cottonseed oil, soap stocks, acidulated soap stocks, deodorized distillates, hydrogenated cottonseed oil are some of the substances reported by extraction and refining operations under lUR. EPA amended this rule in 2003 (1/9/03 68 FR 848). Cottonseed oil is on the list of partially exempt substances, which are not subject to the new reporting requirements for processing and use data but continue to have to report the current lUR information as well as manufacturing exposure-related information. 

Measurements of optical rotations have been used to follow the course of other substitution reactions (5, 5, 8, 70, 72). The loss or retention of optical activity or inversion during a substitution process gives useful information concerning the mode of attack and the symmetry of intermediates or activated complexes. Studies of racemization and isomerization have led to elucidating the mechanism of stereochemical rearrangements in the fine work of Fay and Piper 20) with metal complexes of unsymmetrical 1,3-diketones. 

---