Process correlating time cycles with

In this paper, complete mathematical formulations for correlating the time cycles with other operating conditions are presented. The optimum diafiltration cycle (in terms of volume fraction), and the total cycle time are solved as functions of membrane area, flux, initial volume and recovery. Convenient charts, which can be used as a guide in designing or modifying an ultrafiltration process, are provided. 

The effect of the welding process on the severity of weld decay varies according to the process and the plate thickness so that no single recommendation is possible for every thickness of plate if resistance to attack is essential. The severity of weld decay correlates quite well with sensitisation times as calculated from recorded weld heating cycles. 

The stochastic dynamics takes its simplest form when the correlation time of the noise events is long compared to the periods of the limit cycles LI and L2, In this circumstance, the phase points are largely confined to the limit cycles, with infrequent hops between them. The short-time decay depends on the initial preparation of the system if the system is initially in L2, then those phase points in the vulnerable region will decay directly to F provided a second noise event does not act before the phase points cross B2. If the system is initially in LI, then L2 must be populated before escape can occur. The longtime decay, which is independent of the system preparation, yields the rate coefficient of the process L F. The results of simulations shown in Fig. 2 verify the existence of a simple macroscopic rate law for the decay of the fraction of phase points in L ... 

Though cycle time plays an important role in the SBR for the decolorization process, not many reports are found in the literature. The long retention times are often applied in the anaerobic phase of the reactor studies, such as 18 and 21 h. In several studies, it was reported that there is a positive correlation between the anaerobic cycle time and the color removal [30, 31]. Indeed, in combined anaerobic-aerobic SBRs, since bacteria shifted from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, or vice versa, anaerobic azo reductase enzyme can be adversely affected by aerobic conditions, which is essential for aromatic amine removal, thereby resulting in insufficient color removal rate. To investigate the effect of cycle time on biodegradation of azo dyes, inar et al. [20] operated SBR in three different total cycle times (48-, 24- and 12-h), fed with a synthetic textile wastewater. The results indicated that with a... 

The flow behavior of the polymer preferentially influences the uniform shell thickness and is related directly to the molecular structure of the modifying comonomer. Modifications of PET, particularly with CHDM, improve the flow behavior during injection molding and significantly reduce the melting point of the polymer. The decreased melting point of the copolymer allows reduced processing temperatures and therefore correlates with a reduced formation of unwanted A A at shortened cycle times. 

N diffuses into the structural pores of clinoptilolite 10 to 10 times faster than does CH4. Thus internal surfaces are kinetically selective for adsorption. Some clino samples are more effective at N2/CH4 separation than others and this property was correlated with the zeolite surface cation population. An incompletely exchanged clino containing doubly charged cations appears to be the most selective for N2. Using a computer-controlled pressure swing adsorption apparatus, several process variables were studied in multiple cycle experiments. These included feed composition and rates, and adsorber temperature, pressure and regeneration conditions. N2 diffusive flux reverses after about 60 seconds, but CH4 adsorption continues. This causes a decay in the observed N2/CH4 separation. Therefore, optimum process conditions include rapid adsorber pressurization and short adsorption/desorp-tion/regeneration cycles. 

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